| Contents |
|---|
Introduction
Écrins National Park, established in 1973, is one of France's largest national parks, covering 91,740 hectares (918 km² or 354 sq mi) in the southeastern part of the country. Located in the Dauphiné Alps, it straddles the Hautes-Alpes and Isère departments, between Grenoble and Gap. The park is characterised by dramatic alpine landscapes, with over 20 glaciers and 150 peaks exceeding 3,000 metres (9900 ft), the highest being the Barre des Écrins at 4,102 metres. Its diverse ecosystem encompasses 170 km² of glaciers, 1,800 plant species (including 35 endemic varieties), and abundant wildlife such as chamois, marmots, foxes, and golden eagles. The reintroduction of ibex in the late 1970s and 1980s has been a conservation success. With 700 km of maintained paths, the park attracts up to 800,000 visitors annually for activities including hiking, climbing, and ski touring, though visitors must adhere to strict conservation rules to preserve its natural beauty.
Geography and Landscape
The Écrins National Park is a stunning expanse of Alpine wilderness that showcases some of the most dramatic landscapes in the country. Covering an impressive 918 square kilometres, it is the second largest national park in France and boasts a diverse range of geographical features that make it a paradise for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike.
Topography
The park's topography is characterised by its high peaks, deep valleys, and expansive glacier fields. It encompasses over 150 summits that soar above 3,000 metres, with the highest point being the Barre des Écrins, which reaches an impressive altitude of 4,102 metres. Other notable peaks include La Meije (3,983 m), Mont Pelvoux (3,946 m), and Ailefroide, all of which contribute to the park's reputation as a haven for mountaineers and climbers.
Glaciers and Water Features
One of the most striking features of the Écrins National Park is its extensive glacial coverage. The park is home to over 40 glaciers, covering approximately 17,000 hectares. The Glacier Blanc and Glacier Noir are among the most significant, playing a crucial role in shaping the park's landscape and hydrology.
The park's water system is equally impressive, with numerous lakes, cirques, and gorges scattered throughout the terrain. These water bodies, formed by glacial activity and erosion, add to the park's scenic beauty and ecological importance.
Valleys and Rivers
The Écrins National Park is framed by four major river valleys: the Romanche to the north, the Guisane to the east, the Durance to the south, and the Drac to the west. These rivers have carved deep valleys over millennia, creating a network of diverse habitats and microclimates within the park.
Geological Diversity
The park's geological makeup is a testament to its complex formation history. In the southeast, sedimentary rocks such as limestone, schist, and clay dominate the landscape. In contrast, the north and west are characterised by harder crystalline and metamorphic rocks like granite and gneiss. This geological diversity contributes to the park's varied topography, from steep cliffs to gentler slopes.
Alpine Pastures and Woodlands
While the high-altitude areas are dominated by rocky terrain and glaciers, the lower elevations of the park feature expansive alpine pastures and subalpine woodlands. These areas provide a stark contrast to the rugged peaks above and offer visitors a chance to experience the park's diverse ecosystems.
Human Impact
Despite its wild nature, the Écrins National Park is not devoid of human presence. The park encompasses 61 towns and villages in its peripheral zone, some of which serve as gateways for visitors. These settlements, including picturesque hamlets like Les Vigneaux, Vallouise, and La Bérarde, offer a glimpse into the traditional Alpine way of life and serve as bases for exploring the park's natural wonders.
In conclusion, the Écrins National Park presents a captivating tapestry of geographical features, from towering peaks and sprawling glaciers to lush valleys and pristine lakes. Its diverse landscape not only provides a haven for wildlife but also offers visitors an unparalleled opportunity to experience the raw beauty of the French Alps.
Flora and Fauna
The Écrins National Park boasts a rich and diverse array of fauna and flora, making it a paradise for nature enthusiasts and wildlife observers.
Fauna
The park is home to over 350 species of vertebrates, offering visitors a chance to encounter a wide variety of alpine wildlife.
Mammals:
- Chamois (approximately 12,000)
- Alpine ibex (about 600 individuals across 3 populations)
- Alpine marmots
- Mountain hares
- Red foxes
- Various bat species, including brown long-eared bats
Birds:
- Golden eagles (40 breeding pairs)
- Alpine ptarmigans
- Black grouse
- Griffon vultures
- Wallcreepers
- White-winged snowfinches
- Tengmalm's and Eurasian pygmy owls
- Bearded vultures
- Peregrine falcons
- Eurasian eagle-owls
Other wildlife:
- Alpine rosalia (a species of longhorn beetle)
- Asp vipers
- Numerous butterfly species (850 recorded)
- 56 species of dragonflies, amphibians, and fish
Flora
The Écrins National Park boasts an impressive variety of plant life, with over 2,500 species recorded, including 220 rare and endangered varieties.
Trees and shrubs:
- Pine trees
- Larch trees
Iconic flowering plants:
- Blue thistle of the Alps (also known as Queen of the Alps)
- Lady's slipper orchid
- Edelweiss
- Wormwood
- Opposite-leaved saxifrage (found at altitudes up to 4,070 metres)
Other notable flora:
- Martagon lilies
- Orange lilies
- Various fungi and lichen species
The park's diverse landscapes, ranging from Mediterranean-like slopes to high alpine zones, contribute to its rich biodiversity. Visitors can explore this natural wealth through more than 700 kilometres of hiking trails, including the long-distance GR 54 route.
Throughout the summer, park rangers offer guided tours to help visitors spot and identify different species, providing an excellent opportunity to learn about the park's unique ecosystem.
Activities and Attractions
The Écrins National Park offers a spectacular playground for outdoor enthusiasts. Spanning over 918 square kilometres, this magnificent national park boasts breathtaking landscapes characterised by majestic peaks, pristine lakes, lush forests, and picturesque valleys.
Hiking Trails
The park is a walker's paradise, featuring numerous well-marked routes that cater to different skill levels. Whether you're an experienced hiker or exploring with children, there's something for everyone.
Popular Routes
GR54 Circuit
This legendary 198 km circuit, often starting and ending in Bourg d'Oisans, is one of the most well-known hikes in the area. The complete route typically takes experienced walkers 8-10 days to complete, with various gîtes, campsites and refuges available along the way. Parts of the trail involve scrambling and strenuous ascents, so proper preparation is essential.
Plateau d'Emparis
A moderate 14.9 km panoramic and sunny tour that takes approximately 5 hours to complete. This beautiful route features 860 metres of ascent and leads to two stunning mountain lakes, offering spectacular views throughout.
Puy Aillaud - Lac de Puy Aillaud
This 12.5 km moderate difficulty route takes about 4.5 hours and includes 1,150 metres of elevation gain. The trail leads from the hamlet of Puy Aillaud via the viewpoint of the three huts (Écrin, Glacier Blanc, Séle) to the Lac de Puy Aillaud at the foot of the Pelvoux massif.
Le Lac du Lauvitel
This hike takes you to one of the most beautiful alpine lakes in the region. As you traverse through meadows and wooded areas, you'll enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
La Meije Circuit
For more seasoned hikers seeking a challenge, this circuit around La Meije mountain provides stunning vistas of glaciers and rugged terrain.
Pont d'Espagne Loop
Perfect for families with children or beginners, this loop trail showcases cascading waterfalls and tranquil streams.
Mountain Activities
Climbing
With hundreds of summits reaching thousands of feet high and 17,000 hectares of glaciers, the Écrins is a mecca for climbers. The Barre des Ecrins and the Meije are two legendary ascents that serious climbers should attempt.
Water Sports
The park features over 500 km of streams, rivers and waterfalls where visitors can enjoy rafting, kayaking and canyoning. Remember to check local regulations before participating in these activities.
Guided Experiences
Visiting the Écrins National Park with a mountain professional allows you to explore it differently and discover secret spots less known to the general public. You can choose between:
- Mountain guides: Nature experts with vast knowledge of the trails and mountain way of life
- High mountain guides: Professionals who will lead you to summits, across glaciers, and introduce you to mountaineering
Visitor Centres
The Vallouise Écrins National Park Centre offers an innovative, educational and entertaining way to discover the park. Recently renovated, it features:
- Documentary area
- Shop with books and audio-visual materials
- Exhibition spaces
- Conference area
The centre hosts various events throughout spring and summer, including conferences, workshops and presentations.
Digital Resources
The Park website 'Rando Ecrins' promotes different itineraries to follow on foot or by mountain bike. It offers:
- Roughly 100 routes and 800 heritage elements illustrated in text and images
- Dynamic maps and 3D navigation
- GPS tracking
- Free service to export printable hiking files
- Mobile application for GPS navigation via smartphone or tablet
Accommodation
Types of Accommodation
Hotels and Chalets
The area boasts a selection of hotels and chalets, ranging from cosy family-run establishments to more luxurious options. Many of these provide stunning mountain views and offer amenities such as restaurants, spas, and ski storage facilities. Some hotels are conveniently located near ski lifts, making them ideal for winter sports enthusiasts.
Holiday Residences and Apartments
For those seeking more independence, holiday residences and apartments are available. These self-catering options often come equipped with kitchenettes or full kitchens, allowing guests to prepare their own meals. Many of these accommodations are situated in picturesque Alpine villages, providing an authentic mountain experience.
Mountain Refuges
Adventure seekers and hikers can take advantage of the numerous mountain refuges scattered throughout the park. These basic but charming shelters offer a unique opportunity to stay in remote, high-altitude locations. While amenities are limited, the breathtaking views and proximity to hiking trails make them a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts.
Gîtes and Bed & Breakfasts
For a more personal touch, visitors can opt for gîtes or bed and breakfasts. These accommodations often provide a warm, homely atmosphere and the chance to interact with local hosts who can share invaluable insights about the region.
Campsites
Several campsites are available for those who prefer a closer connection to nature. These range from basic pitches to sites with more facilities, catering to both tent campers and those with caravans or motorhomes.
Booking and Availability
It's advisable to book accommodation well in advance, especially during peak seasons. The summer months (June to September) and the winter ski season (December to April) are particularly busy periods in the Écrins National Park.
Location Considerations
When choosing accommodation, consider its proximity to the activities you plan to undertake. Some lodgings are conveniently located near ski resorts, while others provide easy access to hiking trails or climbing spots. Villages such as La Salle les Alpes, Le Monêtier-les-Bains, and Puy-Saint-Vincent are popular bases for exploring the park.
Gastronomy
The Écrins National Park offers a delightful culinary experience that combines traditional French cuisine with alpine specialities. Visitors to this stunning natural sanctuary in southeastern France can savour a rich tapestry of flavours that reflect the region's cultural heritage and local produce.
Regional Specialities
The park's cuisine is characterised by hearty, comforting dishes that are perfect after a day of outdoor adventures. Some must-try local specialities include:
- Tartiflette: A savoury dish made with potatoes, reblochon cheese, lardons, and onions
- Raclette: A convivial meal featuring melted cheese scraped onto potatoes and charcuterie
- Crozets: A type of small, square pasta made from buckwheat flour, often served as a gratin
- Tourtons: Deep-fried pastries filled with mashed potatoes, cheese, or meat
- Oreilles d'âne: Literally "donkey's ears", these are lasagna-like parcels filled with wild spinach
Local Produce
The Écrins National Park takes pride in its locally sourced ingredients, which form the backbone of its gastronomy:
- Mountain cheeses: A variety of artisanal cheeses made from cow's, goat's, and sheep's milk
- Fresh trout: Caught from the park's crystal-clear mountain streams
- Venison and game: Ethically sourced from the surrounding forests
- Wild mushrooms and berries: Foraged from the alpine meadows and woodlands
- Mountain herbs: Used to add unique flavours to traditional dishes
Dining Experience
Restaurants in the Écrins National Park often offer a cosy, rustic atmosphere that complements the hearty cuisine. Many establishments feature outdoor seating with panoramic views of the surrounding peaks, creating a truly memorable dining experience.
Culinary Events
Throughout the year, village festivals celebrate local culinary traditions. These events often feature wood-fired ovens where visitors can taste freshly baked bread and pies, showcasing the region's baking heritage.
Wine and Beverages
To accompany your meal, sample local wines from nearby vineyards or try génépi, an herbal liqueur made from alpine plants. For non-alcoholic options, the pure mountain spring water is a refreshing choice.
Getting There and Around
The Écrins National Park is situated within a triangle formed by Briançon to the northeast, Gap to the south, and Le Bourg d'Oisans to the northwest. Straddling the Rhone-Alps and Provence-Alps-Cote d'Azur regions, the park is located southeast of Grenoble, west of Briançon, and north of Gap and Embrun.
By Train
Several railway stations provide access to the park's various valleys:
- Main stations: Grenoble, Gap, Embrun, Mont-Dauphin, L'Argentière-les-Ecrins and Briançon
- Major lines include Paris/Briançon (via Gap), Marseille/Briançon (TER), Paris/Grenoble (TGV), and Paris/Valence (TGV)/Briançon (TER)
You can check train timetables on the SNCF website. Regular buses and coaches connect from these train stations to local villages within the park.
By Bus
Several bus services operate to and within the park:
- From Grenoble: Services to Le Bourg d'Oisans, then to La Bérarde or Briançon
- From Marseille and Grenoble: Lines to Gap and Briançon
- Regional services include:
- ZOU LER55 Briançon–Grenoble (stops at Serre-Chevalier, Le Lauzet, col du Lautaret, Villar d'Arêne, La Grave, Le Bourg d'Oisans)
- ZOU LER69 Marseille-Gap-Briançon (stops at L'Argentière-la-Bessée)
- Car Région AuRA T73-T77 Grenoble–Le Bourg-d'Oisans–Les Deux-Alpes–La Bérarde
During summer, special shuttle services operate to provide direct access to major hiking sites. For some routes, booking 36 hours in advance is required.
By Car
All seven valleys of the park are accessible by car, which offers the most flexibility for exploring the area:
- From Grenoble: Take RN85 towards Valbonnais, Valgaudemar and Champsaur, or D1091 towards Oisans and Briançonnais
- From Marseille: Take Autoroute A51 then RN85 towards Champsaur, Valgaudemar, Valbonnais and Oisans; or Autoroute A51 then RN94 towards Embrunais, Vallouise and Briançonnais
- From Chambéry: Take Autoroute A43, through the Fréjus tunnel and over the Montgenèvre pass
In winter, it's essential to check road conditions as mountain passes may be closed after heavy snowfall.
By Air
The nearest airports to the park are:
- Grenoble Isère Airport
- Marseille Provence Airport
From these airports, you'll need to connect via train, bus or car to reach the park.
Getting Around Within the Park
Public Transport
Summer shuttle services operate in various valleys of the park:
- In Valgaudemar: Local shuttle from St-Firmin to La Chapelle and Gioberney
- In Champsaur: Shuttles between Orcières and Prapic on Wednesdays (booking required)
- In Vallouise: ZOU 543 shuttle from L'Argentière-la-Bessée to Vallouise/Pelvoux with stops at Pré de Madame Carle
Car Hire
Car hire is available in the major towns surrounding the park, offering flexibility for exploring the different valleys.
Carpooling
Carpooling is an economical and environmentally friendly option for travelling in the region. Services like rezopouce.fr, movici.auvergnerhonealpes.fr, covoiturage38.com, and blablacar.fr can help you find carpooling partners.
Practical Advice
While public transport serves the park and its surroundings, services can be limited in mountain areas and taxis are expensive. Unless you're on an organised tour, having a car is recommended to get the most out of your visit.
For hikers, the GR54 circuit is a popular route starting and ending in Bourg d'Oisans. The complete 198km trail takes experienced walkers 8-10 days to complete, with accommodation available at gîtes, campsites and mountain refuges along the way.
Best Time to Visit
When planning your visit to this magnificent Alpine region, timing is crucial to ensure the best experience.
Hiking Season
The general hiking season in the Écrins National Park runs from April to November. However, the optimal time to visit is between late June and mid-September when most trails are accessible and mountain passes are free from snow. During this period:
- The network of maintained paths is fully open
- Mountain refuges and facilities are operational
- High mountain passes are typically clear of snow (though some may remain snow-covered until July)
- Weather conditions are generally more stable
For those planning to hike the famous GR54 (Tour des Écrins), a challenging 180 km circular trek, the best window is between the end of June and mid-September. This iconic route typically starts and ends in Bourg d'Oisans and takes experienced hikers about 8-10 days to complete.
Seasonal Considerations
Summer (July-August)
- Peak season with optimal conditions
- All facilities and refuges fully operational
- Warmest temperatures and longest daylight hours
- Busiest period with more visitors
Early Season (May-June)
- Wildflowers begin to bloom
- Some high passes may still be snow-covered
- Fewer crowds
- Weather can be more unpredictable
- Check conditions before setting out as some trails may be inaccessible
Late Season (September-October)
- Beautiful autumn colours
- Fewer visitors
- Cooler temperatures, especially at night
- Some facilities may begin to close in late September
Winter (December-March)
While hiking is possible year-round, winter visits require winter mountaineering skills as weather conditions can change rapidly, and snow and ice create avalanche risks. This period is better suited for:
- Snowshoeing
- Ski touring
- Winter mountaineering
Weather Considerations
The park's climate varies significantly with altitude. Even during summer months, temperatures can drop considerably at higher elevations, and weather conditions can change rapidly. Always check the latest weather forecasts before setting out and be prepared for sudden changes.
For the most up-to-date information on trail conditions, snow levels, and temporary closures due to landslides or maintenance work, visit the Houses of the Park (Maisons du Parc) or local Tourism Offices before embarking on your adventure.
By timing your visit appropriately, you'll be able to fully appreciate the stunning beauty of the Écrins National Park, with its rich flora and fauna, including marmots, chamois, golden eagles and over 2,000 plant species that make this protected area a true Alpine treasure.
Conservation and Responsible Tourism
Écrins National Park is dedicated to preserving its unique environment while promoting sustainable tourism practices. Visitors are encouraged to explore responsibly, ensuring that their activities contribute to the protection of this extraordinary landscape.
Conservation Efforts
The park is home to an impressive array of flora and fauna, including over 3,000 plant species and iconic wildlife such as ibex, chamois, golden eagles, and wolves. To safeguard this biodiversity:
- Strict Regulations: Activities such as camping (except limited bivouacking), picking plants, hunting, and introducing non-native species are prohibited. Motorised vehicles and drones are also banned to minimise disturbance.
- Scientific Research: The park supports ongoing research to deepen understanding of its ecosystems and guide conservation strategies.
- Rewilding Initiatives: Species like the ibex have been successfully reintroduced, showcasing the park’s commitment to restoring natural habitats.
The core zone of the park is strictly protected, while surrounding areas work with local communities under an "adhesion zone" model to balance conservation with sustainable development.
Responsible Tourism
Visitors to Écrins National Park can enjoy its natural beauty through eco-friendly activities such as hiking, wildlife observation, and photography. However, responsible tourism is essential to preserving the park’s fragile environment:
- Eco-Friendly Accommodation: The Esprit Parc National label identifies lodgings and services committed to sustainability. These establishments use local materials, promote traditional practices, and offer eco-conscious hospitality.
- Sustainable Activities: Guided hikes and nature tours are designed to have minimal environmental impact while educating visitors about the park’s ecosystems. Activities like rafting or climbing are carefully regulated.
- Leave No Trace: Visitors are urged to carry out all waste, stick to marked trails to prevent erosion, and respect wildlife by maintaining a safe distance.
Supporting Local Communities
The park collaborates with local farmers, artisans, and businesses to promote regional products and traditions. By staying in locally owned accommodations or purchasing goods from nearby markets, tourists contribute directly to the local economy. Initiatives like the Esprit Parc National brand also help preserve cultural heritage while fostering economic resilience.
Tips for Visiting Responsibly
- Plan your visit using official guides or eco-certified tour operators.
- Respect all park rules regarding wildlife protection, waste disposal, and trail use.
- Opt for low-impact transportation methods like walking or cycling.
- Support local businesses by choosing regional products and services.
- Educate yourself about the park’s biodiversity and conservation efforts before your trip.
By embracing these principles of conservation and responsible tourism, visitors can enjoy the unparalleled beauty of Écrins National Park while ensuring its preservation for future generations.
Visitor Centres and Educational Facilities
Visitor Centres
The Écrins National Park offers several visitor centres and educational facilities to help visitors make the most of their experience in this stunning Alpine region.
The park features multiple 'Maisons du Parc' (Park Houses) located around its borders, serving as information centres for visitors. These centres provide valuable information about the park's regions and are essential stops for both casual visitors and outdoor enthusiasts. Key locations include:
- Briançon (east, Briançonnais region)
- Pont-du-Fossé (south-west, Champsaur region)
- Embrun (south, Embrunais region)
- Entraigues (north-west, Valbonnais region)
- La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar (west)
- L'Argentière-la-Bessée (east, Vallouise region)
- Le Bourg d'Oisans (north, Oisans region)
Educational Facilities
The Écrins National Park places a strong emphasis on education and environmental awareness:
Maison du Parc in Vallouise
This centre serves as an educational hub, offering:
- An exhibition aimed at children but appealing to all ages
- An audiovisual room for projections and conferences
- A reading area with park publications and games
- A discovery trail outside, connecting the village to the centre
Centre d'accueil du Parc national des Écrins - Le Casset
Located in Le Monêtier-les-Bains, this centre provides:
- Free documentation
- Film screenings
- Workshops and meetings with park wardens
- A shop selling postcards, books, maps, and topo-guides
Educational Programmes
The park has developed a comprehensive educational strategy:
- Priority given to young audiences, especially local school children
- Collaboration with teachers to create annual educational projects
- Development of educational tools such as workbooks, discovery guides, and exhibitions
- Audiovisual materials and photographic resources for shared use
Guided Discovery Outings
The park organises about 100 supervised outings led by guides or park partners. These outings cover various themes:
- Fauna and flora observation
- Geology and glaciers
- Lakes and waterfalls
- Cultural heritage
- Safety in the mountains
Opening Times
Visitor centres typically operate seasonally. For example, the Centre d'accueil du Parc national des Écrins - Le Casset is open:
- 11 February to 10 March: 11 am to 5 pm (closed Saturdays)
- 16 June to 15 September: daily 1:30 pm to 7 pm
- 20 October to 3 November: 11 am to 5 pm (closed Saturdays)
- 24 December to 7 January: 11 am to 5 pm (closed Saturdays)
It's advisable to check specific opening times for each centre before visiting, as they may vary depending on the season and location.