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Introduction
Montpellier, the seventh-largest city in France, is a vibrant Mediterranean destination located in the Occitanie region. Founded in 985, this historic city boasts a rich cultural heritage, with its old medieval centre, the Ecusson, featuring narrow alleyways and elegant buildings. Montpellier is renowned for its universities, including the oldest active medical school in the Western world, and is the second most important city in France for learning French as a foreign language. With 300 days of sunshine per year, a thriving student population, and a perfect balance between historic charm and modern architecture, Montpellier offers visitors a unique blend of culture, education, and Mediterranean lifestyle. The city's proximity to both the sea and mountains, coupled with its extensive pedestrian areas and cycle paths, makes it an ideal destination for those seeking a diverse and accessible holiday experience.
Interesting Facts about Montpellier
- Montpellier is the second most important city in France for learning French as a foreign language, with around 20 French language courses teaching 10,000 students annually.
- The city boasts a rich history dating back over a thousand years, featuring a mix of medieval and modern architecture.
- Montpellier is home to the oldest still-active medical school in the Western world, established as part of the University of Montpellier in the 13th century.
- The city enjoys a Mediterranean climate with approximately 300 days of sunshine per year, making it one of the sunniest cities in France.
- Montpellier hosts numerous cultural events and festivals throughout the year, contributing to its vibrant cultural scene.
- The city is renowned for its gastronomy, featuring local delicacies such as pavés Saint Roch and Coteaux du Languedoc wines.
- Montpellier is a major centre for the French high-tech industry and is known for its innovative and dynamic environment.
- The city's historic centre, Écusson, is one of the largest pedestrianised zones in Europe, offering a unique blend of medieval alleys and modern amenities.
History
Founded in 985 by the Guilhem family, Montpellier rapidly evolved from a small village into a thriving trading centre and hub of learning. Its strategic location facilitated trade across the Mediterranean, attracting merchants and scholars alike. The city's cultural diversity was further enhanced by the presence of Jewish and Arabic communities, who contributed significantly to its prosperity and intellectual vibrancy.
During the 12th century, Montpellier experienced a golden age under the rule of the Kings of Aragon. The city became a major economic centre, renowned for its spice trade and educational institutions, including the establishment of its medical faculty in 1220. This period of prosperity continued until the city was sold to the Kingdom of France in 1349. The subsequent centuries saw Montpellier face challenges such as the expulsion of Jews in 1394 and the devastating effects of the Black Death. However, the city managed to recover and flourish once more, particularly during the Renaissance and the 17th century when it became a stronghold of Protestantism.
Today, Montpellier's historical legacy is evident in its charming architecture and vibrant cultural scene. Visitors can explore the picturesque Écusson district, visit the iconic Place de la Comédie, and enjoy performances at the Opéra Comédie. The city's historical significance is also reflected in its educational institutions, including the University of Montpellier, which remains one of the oldest and most prestigious in Europe. With its blend of medieval charm and modern vitality, Montpellier offers a unique travel experience that combines history, culture, and gastronomy.
Main Attractions
Place de la Comédie
Place de la Comédie is the vibrant heart of Montpellier, known locally as "l'Oeuf" due to its elliptical shape. It is one of Europe's largest pedestrian squares, offering a bustling atmosphere filled with cafes, restaurants, and street performers. At its centre stands the Fontaine des Trois Grâces, a beautiful statue of the Three Graces. The square is surrounded by 19th-century Haussmann-style architecture, which adds to its charm. The Opéra Comédie, located here, hosts various cultural events throughout the year, making it a hub for both locals and tourists.
The square's history dates back to the 18th century, when it was originally a marketplace. Over time, it evolved into the vibrant public space it is today, hosting numerous events and festivals. Visitors can enjoy a leisurely stroll, sit at one of the many cafes, or simply soak up the lively atmosphere. The proximity to other major attractions makes it an ideal starting point for exploring the city.
L'Écusson (Old Town)
L'Écusson, or the old town of Montpellier, is a treasure trove of history and architecture. Characterised by narrow streets and medieval buildings, it offers a glimpse into the city's rich past. One of the most picturesque streets in the old town is Rue de l'Ancien Courrier, lined with charming shops and restaurants. Saint-Roch church is another notable landmark, serving as an important religious site in the area.
Exploring L'Écusson allows visitors to discover hidden gems, such as small boutiques and local eateries. The area is also home to several historic buildings, each with its own unique story. Walking through the old town provides a chance to experience the authentic charm of Montpellier, away from the hustle and bustle of modern life.
Arc de Triomphe and Promenade du Peyrou
Located at the edge of the old town, the Arc de Triomphe and Promenade du Peyrou are must-visit attractions. The Arc de Triomphe is a grand archway built in the 18th century to commemorate Louis XIV's visit to Montpellier. It marks the beginning of the Promenade du Peyrou, a large open park with beautifully tree-lined walkways.
The Promenade du Peyrou features an equestrian statue of Louis XIV in the royal square, symbolising the king's influence on the city. The Château d'Eau, a historic water tower, offers panoramic views of Montpellier from its top. Additionally, the Aqueduc Saint-Clement, stretching over 14 km, is a testament to the city's engineering prowess. Visitors can enjoy leisurely walks, picnics, or simply take in the scenic views.
Aqueduc Saint-Clément
The Aqueduc Saint-Clément, also known as the Arceaux Aqueduct, is a magnificent 18th-century engineering marvel that graces the landscape of Montpellier in southern France. Constructed between 1753 and 1765 under the direction of hydraulic engineer Henri Pitot, this impressive structure stretches 14 kilometres to transport water from the Saint-Clément spring to the Peyrou water tower in Montpellier. Inspired by Roman architecture, its most striking feature is the double-layered section in the Arceaux quarter, comprising 53 grand arches spanning over 800 metres, reaching heights of up to 28 metres. The aqueduct's elegant proportions and expert craftsmanship not only solved the city's pressing water needs but also became an iconic symbol of Montpellier's ambition and prosperity. Today, visitors can stroll beneath its majestic arches, which have given their name to the surrounding neighbourhood, and marvel at this harmonious blend of practicality and aesthetics that stands as a testament to 18th-century ingenuity.
Cathedral of St. Pierre
The Cathedral of St. Pierre is an imposing 16th-century structure with two distinctive circular towers. Located in the heart of Montpellier, it is a significant religious landmark and a notable example of Gothic architecture. The cathedral's history dates back to the Middle Ages, and it has undergone several transformations over the centuries.
Visitors can admire the cathedral's architecture and explore its interior, which features intricate stone carvings and stunning stained-glass windows. The cathedral also hosts various religious ceremonies and cultural events throughout the year, making it a vibrant part of the city's spiritual life.
Place de la Canourgue
Place de la Canourgue is a charming square in the old town, known for its tranquil atmosphere. Surrounded by historic buildings, it provides a quiet retreat from the bustling streets of Montpellier. The square is perfect for a leisurely stroll or a relaxing break at one of the local cafes.
The area around Place de la Canourgue is filled with small shops and restaurants, offering a glimpse into local life. Visitors can explore the nearby streets, discovering hidden gems and experiencing the authentic charm of Montpellier's old town.
Eglise Notre-Dame-des-Tables
Eglise Notre-Dame-des-Tables is a significant religious site in the city centre. This church is known for its beautiful architecture and historical importance. Visitors can admire its exterior and explore the interior, which features intricate details and religious artifacts.
The church hosts various religious ceremonies and events, making it an integral part of Montpellier's spiritual life. Its location in the heart of the city makes it easily accessible for those interested in exploring the city's religious heritage.
Quartier Antigone
The Antigone district in Montpellier is a striking example of modern urban planning, situated just east of the city's historic centre. Designed by the renowned Spanish architect Ricardo Bofill, this area boasts grand neo-classical buildings, wide avenues, and picturesque water features, creating a visually stunning contrast to the old town. Visitors can explore the Esplanade de l'Europe, marvel at the imposing architecture, and enjoy the tranquil backdrop of the River Lez. The district also features notable landmarks such as the Olympic Swimming Pool and the Place de l'Europe, a semi-circular plaza surrounded by neoclassical structures. With its blend of social housing, shops, and restaurants, Antigone offers a unique blend of functionality and aesthetic appeal, making it a must-visit destination for architecture enthusiasts and those looking to experience the modern side of Montpellier.
Quartier Saint-Roch
The Quartier Saint-Roch is a historic neighbourhood worth exploring for its architecture and ambiance. Named after the Saint-Roch church, it is a significant part of Montpellier's cultural heritage. The area features a mix of medieval and modern buildings, reflecting the city's evolution over time.
Visitors can wander through the narrow streets, admiring the historic architecture and discovering local boutiques and eateries. The quartier is also home to several cultural events and festivals, making it a vibrant part of the city's social scene.
Quartier Courrier
The Quartier Courrier is another interesting district to explore in Montpellier. Known for its urban character, it showcases the city's modern side while still retaining elements of its historic past. The area is filled with shops, cafes, and restaurants, offering a lively atmosphere for visitors.
Exploring the Quartier Courrier provides a chance to experience Montpellier's contemporary culture. From trendy boutiques to local eateries, there's plenty to discover in this vibrant part of the city.
Top Museums
Art Museums
Musée Fabre
The Musée Fabre is one of Montpellier's most iconic museums, renowned for its extensive collection of European art spanning from the Renaissance to the present day. Located near the Place de la Comédie, it houses over 2,000 paintings, 4,000 drawings, 300 sculptures, and 1,500 engravings. The museum features works by prominent artists such as Eugène Delacroix, Frédéric Bazille, and Pierre Soulages, making it a must-visit for art enthusiasts. The museum's architecture itself is a blend of modern and historical elements, creating a unique backdrop for the artworks.
Musée d'Art Brut
For those interested in unconventional art, the Musée d'Art Brut is a fascinating destination. It showcases the works of self-taught artists, offering a unique perspective on creativity. The museum features over 750 objects by more than 250 artists, including Fernand Michel and Jean-Joseph Sanfourche, set amidst a beautiful interior garden. This tranquil setting enhances the emotional impact of the artworks, allowing visitors to fully immerse themselves in the world of art brut.
Pavillon Populaire
Dedicated to photographic art, the Pavillon Populaire is a popular destination for photography enthusiasts. It hosts a variety of exhibitions showcasing both established and emerging artists, making it a vibrant part of Montpellier's cultural scene. The pavilion's exhibitions often focus on contemporary themes, providing a platform for photographers to express their vision and creativity.
MO.CO. Montpellier Contemporain
This contemporary art center, housed in a former royal college of medicine, offers a dynamic space for art exhibitions and cultural exchanges. It features 1,000 square meters of exhibition space, making it a hub for modern art in Montpellier. MO.CO. regularly hosts international exhibitions, workshops, and events, fostering dialogue between artists, curators, and the public. Its diverse programming ensures that there is always something new and exciting to discover.
Montana Gallery
Specialising in graffiti art, the Montana Gallery is a unique space that challenges traditional notions of art. It features stunning street art works and has hosted exhibitions by acclaimed graffiti artists. The gallery's focus on urban art reflects the vibrant cultural landscape of Montpellier, where creativity knows no bounds.
Galerie de l'Ancien Courrier
This gallery focuses on showcasing local talent, with permanent displays of artists like Bernard Calvet and Jacques Sauze. It also hosts temporary exhibitions highlighting the beauty of southern France. The gallery's intimate setting allows visitors to engage closely with the artworks, appreciating the nuances of each piece.
Historical Museums
Musée Archéologique Henri Prades
This museum is ideal for history buffs, particularly those interested in ancient civilizations. It houses collections from Phocaean, Iberian, Etruscan, and Roman periods, offering insights into the daily lives of past inhabitants. Exhibits include ceramics, jewelry, and artifacts from the Lattara archaeological site, providing a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of the region. The museum's collection is a testament to the historical significance of Montpellier and its surroundings.
Musée de l'Histoire de Montpellier
Situated in an underground vault beneath Place Jean Jaurès, this museum offers an immersive experience into Montpellier's history from the 10th to the 16th centuries. The crypt, dating back to the 10th century, features displays and sound animations that bring the city's past to life. Visitors can explore the medieval history of Montpellier, learning about its development and the people who shaped it. The museum's interactive exhibits make history accessible and engaging for all ages.
Pharmacie et Chapelle de la Miséricorde
This historic site is Montpellier's oldest apothecary, now managed by the city council. It offers a glimpse into the past with its eclectic collection of ancient apothecary equipment and is a charming place to explore. The chapel, with its beautiful architecture, adds to the site's historical significance, making it a must-visit for those interested in the city's architectural heritage.
Science and Medical Museums
Musée d'Anatomie
Located near Montpellier's medical university, the Musée d'Anatomie is a unique and intriguing museum. It contains over 5,600 pieces related to human anatomy, including wax castings and old surgical equipment. Although not for the faint-hearted, it provides a fascinating glimpse into the study of human anatomy. The museum offers a historical perspective on medical science, highlighting the evolution of anatomical knowledge over the centuries.
Musée des Moulages
Located within the University of Montpellier, the Musée des Moulages is dedicated to plaster casts of ancient sculptures. It provides a unique opportunity to study classical art forms without traveling to distant museums. The museum's collection includes replicas of famous works from ancient Greece and Rome, offering insights into the artistic achievements of these civilizations.
Musée des Égouts
This unusual museum is dedicated to the history of Montpellier's sewer system. It might seem unconventional, but it provides a fascinating look at the engineering feats that have shaped the city's infrastructure over the centuries. The museum highlights the importance of urban planning and the evolution of sanitation systems.
Musée de la Médecine
Located within the Faculty of Medicine, this museum explores the history of medical science and its development in Montpellier. It features a collection of medical instruments and artifacts that illustrate the advancements in healthcare over time. The museum offers a comprehensive view of how medical knowledge has evolved, contributing to the city's reputation as a center for medical education.
Cultural and Specialty Museums
Musée de la Vie Romantique
Although not exclusively in Montpellier, this museum in nearby Sète is worth mentioning for its romantic-era art and artifacts. It showcases the life and works of artists from the Romantic period, offering a glimpse into the artistic and literary movements of the time. The museum's collection includes paintings, furniture, and personal items that evoke the spirit of the era.
Musée des Arts et Traditions Populaires
This museum focuses on the folk traditions and crafts of the region. It showcases local textiles, pottery, and other artisanal products, providing insight into the cultural heritage of southern France. The museum's collection highlights the importance of preserving traditional crafts and customs.
Musée de la Marine
Located in the nearby town of Sète, this maritime museum explores the history of the sea and its impact on the region. It features exhibits on shipbuilding, fishing, and naval warfare, offering a comprehensive view of maritime culture. The museum is a must-visit for those interested in the maritime history of the Mediterranean.
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Sète
Also in Sète, this museum is dedicated to fine arts and features a collection of paintings and sculptures from various periods. It includes works by local artists and offers a glimpse into the artistic movements that have influenced the region. The museum's collection is a testament to the rich cultural landscape of southern France.
Musée Paul Valéry
Located in Sète, this museum is dedicated to the life and works of the poet Paul Valéry. It offers a unique insight into the literary world of the early 20th century and the influence of Valéry on French literature. The museum features personal artifacts, manuscripts, and artworks inspired by his poetry, providing a deep understanding of his creative process.
Musée des Arts Décoratifs
This museum focuses on decorative arts, showcasing a wide range of objects from furniture to textiles. It highlights the craftsmanship and aesthetic sensibilities of different eras, providing a comprehensive view of how art has influenced everyday life. The museum's collection includes pieces from various historical periods, making it a valuable resource for those interested in design and interior decoration.
Musée de l'École de Médecine
Located within the historic buildings of the medical school, this museum explores the history of medical education in Montpellier. It features exhibits on the development of medical sciences and the role of the University of Montpellier in advancing medical knowledge. The museum offers a historical perspective on the city's contribution to the field of medicine.
Local Cuisine
Montpellier offers a rich culinary experience, blending traditional French cuisine with Mediterranean influences. Local specialties include Cassoulet, a hearty white bean stew often featuring a mix of meats, and Les Cagarolettes, boiled snails in a spicy vinaigrette. Seafood lovers will enjoy La Tielle Sétoise, a spicy squid and octopus pie, and La Brasucade de Moules, grilled mussels with a spiced sauce. For vegetarians, La Chichoumeille provides a satisfying vegetable stew. Another highlight is Rouille de Seiche, cuttlefish in a spicy tomato sauce, often served with pasta. Lastly, Beurre de Montpellier, a savory anchovy and caper sauce, is a must-try with grilled meats or fish.
Shopping
Shopping in Montpellier is a pleasant experience, with a variety of options available. The historic district of L'Écusson is filled with small boutiques, high-street brands, and unique shops selling handmade crafts and souvenirs. For a more modern shopping experience, visitors can head to Polygone Montpellier, a large indoor mall featuring international brands like Zara and Gap, alongside local department stores. Additionally, markets such as Antigone and Arceaux provide opportunities to purchase fresh produce and local goods. The Antigone district also hosts a bustling farmers market, while Odysseum is an open-air shopping centre with entertainment options.
Nature in and around Montpellier
Montpellier boasts over 30 parks and gardens, offering ample green spaces for relaxation and recreation. These parks provide a peaceful escape from the city's bustle, with many featuring walking paths, playgrounds, and picnic areas. Some of the larger parks include the Parc de la Grande Motte and the Parc du Domaine de Restinclières. Montcalm Park, which features tennis courts and football pitches, and Méric Park, a peaceful haven bordering the Lez that doubles as the city's largest dog park.
Just outside the city, the Lunaret Nature Reserve is an exceptional 20-hectare site with diverse landscapes cut by cliffs and bounded by the Lez River. Cycling enthusiasts can follow the 12km path along the Lez to reach nearby beaches, passing the Méjean Lagoon where pink flamingos can often be spotted. Further afield, the Étang de Thau lagoons provide perfect conditions for wind sports and are known for their seahorse population, while the Cirque of Navacelles, a natural amphitheatre in the Vis Canyon, offers spectacular views from its observation deck.
Jardin des Plantes
The Jardin des Plantes is France's oldest botanical garden, founded in 1593. Covering nearly 5 hectares in the heart of Montpellier, it features a diverse range of flora, including a bamboo grove, an English garden, and a lotus pond. The Martins greenhouse is home to a variety of succulent plants, showcasing the garden's commitment to preserving plant species.
The Jardin des Plantes contains 2,679 plant species, making it a haven for botany enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. Open daily from 8:00 AM, with closing times varying by season, the garden offers a peaceful escape from the city's bustle. Visitors can explore the various sections, attend guided tours, or simply enjoy the serene atmosphere.
Getting There & Around
To get to Montpellier, you can fly into Montpellier Méditerranée Airport, which offers shuttle bus services to the city centre. Alternatively, the city is well-connected by train, with two main stations: Gare Montpellier Saint-Roch in the city centre and Gare Montpellier Sud de France on the outskirts. Once in Montpellier, the city is easily navigable on foot, especially in the historic centre. For longer distances, the public transport system, managed by Transports de l'agglomération de Montpellier (TaM), offers four tram lines and 41 bus routes, providing convenient access to all areas of the city and nearby towns. Tickets can be purchased at tram stops or on buses, and a City Card is available for free public transport and discounts at attractions. Cycling is also a popular option, with a bike-sharing scheme called Vélomagg available.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Montpellier is generally from April to November, when the city enjoys pleasant Mediterranean weather. Spring, particularly from May to mid-June, offers excellent conditions with mild temperatures and fewer crowds, making it ideal for exploring the historic centre and enjoying outdoor activities. Summer, from June to August, is perfect for beachgoers and those who prefer warmer weather, though it can be quite busy during the peak tourist season. Autumn, especially late September to October, is another great period to visit, with comfortable temperatures and fewer tourists, though it can be slightly rainier. Overall, Montpellier's climate makes it a year-round destination, but these seasons provide the most favourable conditions for a memorable trip.