Eupedia
Italy
Eupedia Italy Guide


Highlights of Italy by region

Grand Canal at night, Venice (© sborisov - Fotolia.com)
Grand Canal at night, Venice.

Must-see destinations in Italy

Eupedia is committed to delivering impartial and objective ratings for destinations and attractions featured in its travel guides, employing a set of well-defined criteria. Our evaluation process is comprehensive, comparing sights not only within specific regions or countries but also across European nations. This approach ensures consistency in ratings across all locations, maintaining a uniform standard of assessment.

The rating system is designed to identify and highlight truly exceptional destinations, regardless of their geographical location. As a result, the distribution of highly-rated attractions may not be uniform across regions. Some areas may lack top-tier attractions, while others may boast numerous must-see locations.

Eupedia prioritizes objectivity in its assessments, eschewing a "politically correct" approach that would artificially balance the number of highly-rated attractions across regions. This commitment to unbiased evaluation allows travelers to make informed decisions based on the genuine appeal and significance of each destination, rather than on a predetermined quota system.

By maintaining this rigorous and impartial rating methodology, Eupedia aims to provide travelers with reliable and valuable information to enhance their European travel experiences.

North Italy

Piedmont

Turin (Torino)
Royal Palace, Turin (© vivienne bellini - Fotolia.com)
must-see Turin, nestled at the foothills of the Alps, boasts a fascinating history spanning over two millennia, beginning as a Celtic settlement called Taurasia. The Romans established the colony of Augusta Taurinorum around 28 BCE, designing the city with their characteristic grid pattern that remarkably still defines Turin's modern street layout. The city features one of the world's best-preserved 1st-century BCE Roman gateways, the Palatine Towers, which originally had four doors - two larger ones for chariots and two smaller ones for pedestrians and horses. The ancient Roman urban planning is still visible in the Quadrilatero Romano district, where the original decumanus maximus (now Via Garibaldi) and cardo maximo (now Via San Tommaso) intersect. After serving various empires and kingdoms throughout history, Turin gained prominence as the first capital of unified Italy from 1861 to 1865. Today, visitors can explore this elegant city's Roman heritage through well-preserved ruins, including sections of the original city walls along Via Giuseppe Barbaroux, while the city's rational structure and grid system serve as a living testament to its Roman origins.

Liguria

Genoa (Genova)
Historical centre of Genoa, Liguria (© antonio scarpi - Fotolia.com)
must-see Genoa, a historic port city in northwestern Italy, boasts over 2,200 years of fascinating history since its founding by the ancient Romans around 200 BCE. The city features one of Europe's largest medieval centres and is renowned for its unique blend of Gothic, Baroque, and Renaissance architecture. As the birthplace of Christopher Columbus and the location of the world's oldest state deposit bank (founded in 1407), Genoa's maritime heritage runs deep. The city's picturesque harbour, redeveloped by acclaimed architect Renzo Piano, now houses Europe's largest aquarium. Genoa's culinary legacy is equally impressive, being the birthplace of pesto alla Genovese, a delicious sauce made from fresh basil, garlic, pine nuts, olive oil, and cheese. The city's strategic location along the Ligurian Sea, surrounded by mountains, has shaped its development as a maritime powerhouse, and today it remains Italy's busiest port. The UNESCO World Heritage-listed Palazzi dei Rolli showcases the city's architectural splendour, while the narrow alleyways known locally as "caruggi" offer visitors a glimpse into medieval life.

Cinque Terre
Manarola, Cinque Terre, Liguria (© anthony999 - Fotolia.com)
must-see Cinque Terre, meaning "Five Lands" in Italian, comprises five stunning coastal villages perched dramatically on the cliffs of the Italian Riviera, which have been inhabited since the Bronze Age and became part of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century BCE. These UNESCO World Heritage villages showcase remarkable human ingenuity through their terraced vineyards carved into steep limestone cliffs, where locals produce the renowned Sciacchetrŕ wine. The region's dramatic landscape features natural harbours that historically served as fishing ports, while the colourful houses stacked along the cliffs inspired the Disney film "Luca". The area's isolation, which persisted until the railway arrived in the 19th century and roads in the 1960s, has preserved its authenticity and traditional Ligurian cuisine, famous for fresh seafood, locally-made pesto, and focaccia. Today, visitors can explore approximately 120 kilometres of footpaths connecting the villages, discover hidden coves with crystal-clear waters, and observe diverse marine life in the rock pools, all while experiencing a car-free environment that helps preserve this remarkable cultural landscape.

Portofino
Portofino, Liguria (© Fyle - Fotolia.com)
must-see Portofino is a picturesque harbour town that was first documented by Pliny the Elder in the first century CE as "Portus Delphini" (Port of the Dolphin) due to the pods of dolphins that frequented its crystalline waters. This former fishing village, now home to just 400 residents, boasts a stunning natural landscape with 900 species of plant life and numerous hiking trails within its regional nature park. The town's iconic harbour is lined with pastel-painted buildings, whilst its waters offer unique activities like coasteering - a combination of trekking, rock climbing, diving and swimming. Portofino is particularly renowned for its culinary heritage, especially its signature pesto alla Genovese, which derives its unique aroma from locally-grown basil cultivated on the town's hillsides. The town's artistic charm extends to its architecture, where some balconies are actually clever trompe l'oeil paintings rather than real structures. In the 1950s, Portofino transformed from a quiet fishing village into a glamorous destination, attracting Hollywood luminaries such as Rex Harrison, Ava Gardner, Lauren Bacall, and Humphrey Bogart, who filmed "The Barefoot Contessa" there.

Lombardy

Lake Como
Lake Como (© RUBEN GUTIERREZ - iStockphoto.com)
outstanding Lake Como, Italy's third-largest and deepest lake, was formed by glacial activity during the last Ice Age, creating its distinctive Y-shape with a shoreline extending 160 km. This ancient "Lario" (meaning "deep place") has drawn visitors since Roman times and boasts an astounding six trillion gallons of water. The area features the elegant town of Bellagio at its centre, the 14th-century Villa del Balbianello (featured in James Bond and Star Wars films), and numerous historic villas dating back to Roman times. Read more

Milan (Milano)
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Milan, Lombardy (© Ivan Floriani - Fotolia.com)
must-see Milan stands as Italy's bustling financial and fashion capital, where ancient splendour meets modern sophistication. The city's crown jewel is the magnificent Gothic Duomo (cathedral), which took nearly six centuries to complete and features 135 spires adorning its marble facade. Art enthusiasts can marvel at Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece 'The Last Supper', a 5x9-metre mural housed in Santa Maria delle Grazie. The majestic Sforza Castle, a 15th-century fortress, now houses multiple museums including Michelangelo's final work, the Pietŕ Rondanini. The elegant Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Italy's oldest shopping centre, showcases a stunning glass-roofed arcade where luxury boutiques and cafés reside. The city's cultural prowess is exemplified by the prestigious Teatro alla Scala opera house, which traditionally opens its season on 7th December. The city boasts impressive green spaces, including Parco Sempione with its grand Arco della Pace, whilst the vibrant I Navigli district charms visitors with its picturesque canals, artisan shops, and lively restaurants. For science buffs, the Leonardo da Vinci Science Museum houses fascinating models based on the polymath's original sketches, including submarines and aircraft. The innovative spirit of Milan continues in the Porta Nuova district, where the remarkable Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest) towers feature trees and plants growing on their terraces, representing a unique blend of architecture and nature.

Mantua (Mantova)
Mantua (© Eupedia.com)
outstanding Mantua, known to Italians as 'La Bella Addormentata' (The Sleeping Beauty), is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that flourished during the Renaissance under the Gonzaga family's 400-year rule. The city is uniquely surrounded by three artificial lakes created in the 12th century as defensive barriers. Home to the second-largest residence in Italy after the Vatican, the magnificent Palazzo Ducale boasts 500 rooms. The city's cultural significance extends to literature and arts, being the birthplace of the Roman poet Virgil and the setting for Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Mantua's gastronomic excellence earned it the title of European Capital of Gastronomy in 2017, with signature dishes including tortelli di zucca (pumpkin-filled pasta), risotto alla pilota (made with local rice and pork sausage), and the traditional stracotto d'asino (donkey stew). The city's remarkable preservation and lack of urban development have helped it maintain its Renaissance-era charm, making it one of Italy's most liveable cities.

Trentino South-Tyrol

Dolomites
Sella Pass in the Dolomites near Canazei (© antonio scarpi - Fotolia.com)
must-see The Dolomites, a UNESCO World Heritage site in northern Italy, stand as one of Europe's most spectacular mountain ranges. These dramatic limestone peaks, with their distinctive pale grey hue and jagged spires, create an otherworldly landscape that has captivated travellers for centuries. Spanning across three regions of northern Italy—Trentino, Alto Adige, and Veneto—the Dolomites offer year-round adventures, from world-class skiing in winter to remarkable hiking and climbing in summer. The area is also steeped in fascinating cultural heritage, where Italian, German, and ancient Ladin influences merge to create a unique blend of traditions, cuisine, and architecture. Picture-perfect alpine meadows, crystalline lakes, and charming mountain villages dot the landscape, making the Dolomites an unmissable destination for both outdoor enthusiasts and those seeking the authentic charm of the Italian Alps.

Veneto

Verona
View of Verona from Castel San Pietro (ID 169668165 © Paolo Tralli | Dreamstime.com)
must-see Verona is a captivating city where ancient Roman architecture meets medieval charm. The city's crown jewel is the remarkably preserved 1st-century Arena di Verona, which once hosted gladiatorial games and now serves as a world-renowned opera venue seating up to 15,000 spectators. Beyond its fame as the setting of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, complete with the iconic Juliet's House and balcony, Verona boasts the stunning Castelvecchio fortress, the Gothic Scaliger Tombs, and the ancient Ponte Pietra bridge spanning the Adige River. The city centre features the vibrant Piazza delle Erbe, which has functioned as a public forum since Roman times, whilst the meticulously manicured Renaissance Giardino Giusti offers serene escapes and panoramic city views. Verona's rich cultural tapestry includes the Basilica of San Zeno, renowned for its bronze doors and Mantegna's altarpiece, making it one of northern Italy's most alluring cities.

Venice (Venezia)
Canal in Venice, Veneto (© Vladimir Khirman - iStockphoto.com)
best in Europe Venice, a remarkable city built across 118 islands connected by 417 bridges, stands as one of Italy's most enchanting destinations. The city's unique transport system relies entirely on its 177 canals, with the S-shaped Grand Canal serving as the main waterway, whilst traditional gondolas, operated by 400 licensed gondolieri, offer a glimpse into centuries-old Venetian life. This former maritime republic, known as 'Serenissima', boasts numerous historical firsts, including the world's first public casino established in 1638 and the birthplace of the world's first female graduate in 1646. The city's architectural splendour encompasses over 450 aristocratic palaces built in various styles, from Byzantine to Baroque, whilst the historic Rialto Market, nearly a millennium old, continues to be a vibrant hub of commerce. Notably, Venice faces an intriguing challenge as it gradually sinks at a rate of 1-2 millimetres annually, adding a sense of urgency to experience this extraordinary city. The houses in Venice follow a unique numbering system based on districts rather than streets, making navigation an adventure in itself, though locals use nearby landmarks and monuments as reference points.

Emilia-Romagna

Parma
Cathedral of Parma, Emilia-Romagna (© luigipinna - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Parma is renowned for its culinary excellence and cultural heritage. The city boasts remarkable architectural marvels, including the 12th-century Palazzo della Pilotta, which houses several museums and one of Europe's oldest opera houses. The city centre features the stunning Piazza Garibaldi, considered the most beautiful square in Parma, surrounded by historic buildings and vibrant cafés. Art enthusiasts can marvel at masterpieces by Renaissance artists like Correggio and Leonardo da Vinci in the National Gallery. Beyond its architectural splendour, Parma is globally celebrated as a gastronomic capital, particularly famous for its prosciutto. The city's green spaces include the star-shaped Parco Cittadella, a former defensive fortress now transformed into a public park with sports facilities and walking paths. Notably, the surrounding province of Parma contains the world's largest labyrinth and numerous medieval castles.

Modena
Modena, Emilia-Romagna (© Eupedia.com)
outstanding Modena boasts a remarkable UNESCO World Heritage site comprising the Romanesque Duomo, built in 1099 CE, the 86-metre Ghirlandina Tower, and the medieval Piazza Grande. The city gained prominence as the capital of the Este family after they left Ferrara, leading to its rich artistic heritage and palatial architecture. Modern Modena is globally renowned as the birthplace of luxury automotive excellence, being home to Enzo Ferrari's legacy and the Ferrari Museum. The city's economic prowess extends beyond automobiles to its celebrated traditional balsamic vinegar, which is meticulously aged for decades in wooden barrels. The city's architectural splendour is complemented by its network of wide arcaded streets and grand squares, where visitors can explore the vibrant Mercato Albinelli or enjoy the local cuisine in numerous trattorias. A poignant historical note is found in Palazzo dell'Arcivescovado, where memorials honour members of the Resistance executed in Piazza Grande in 1944.

Bologna
Bologna, Emilia-Romagna (© claudiozacc - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Bologna is home to the world's oldest university founded in 1088 CE. Its iconic Two Towers stand as remarkable symbols of the city, with the Asinelli Tower reaching 97 metres as Italy's tallest leaning tower. The city centre revolves around the vibrant Piazza Maggiore, where the magnificent Neptune Fountain created by Giambologna in the 16th century serves as a popular meeting spot. The city once boasted 180 towers built by competing noble families, though only 24 remain standing today. At the Archiginnasio, visitors can marvel at 6,000 coats of arms representing former students, while the building houses a fascinating anatomical theatre where public dissections were once conducted. The city's unique architectural feature is its extensive network of porticoes, and its scientific legacy includes the world's longest sundial, housed in the Basilica di San Petronio.

San Marino

San Marino
San Marino (©  Vladimir Sazonov -Adobe.com)
outstanding San Marino, the third-smallest country in Europe after Vatican City and Monaco, is a fascinating microstate perched on Mount Titano. This ancient republic, established in 301 CE, is Europe's oldest existing republic and features a unique governmental system with two captains-regent serving as joint heads of state. The country's dramatic landscape includes the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Old Town, dominated by three iconic towers, including the 11th-century Guaita Tower which formerly served as a prison and military lookout. Visitors can explore the neo-Gothic Palazzo Pubblico, stroll through medieval streets, and enjoy breathtaking views of the Adriatic Riviera from the mysterious Passo delle Streghe (Witches' Pass). The local cuisine reflects both land and sea influences, with specialities like faggioli con le cozze (beans with mussels) and traditional handmade pasta called strozzapreti. Despite its tiny size of just 61 square kilometres, San Marino boasts a robust economy based on tourism, agriculture, and fine printing, particularly of postage stamps, with its citizens enjoying a high standard of living.

Tuscany

Florence (Firenze)
Sunset on Florence, Tuscany (© Fyle - Fotolia.com)
best in Europe Florence, founded as a Roman military colony in 59 BCE, sits gracefully on the Arno River and was the first European city to have paved streets in the 14th century. This enchanting Tuscan capital, home to 364,073 residents, is often called the Cradle of the Renaissance and houses approximately 30% of the world's most important artworks. The city's remarkable features include Brunelleschi's dome atop the cathedral, which remains the largest brick and mortar dome globally, and the world's oldest pharmacy, established in 1221. Florence's cultural significance extends beyond art - it's the birthplace of gelato, allegedly invented in the 16th century, and the Italian language itself, thanks to Dante Alighieri's works. The city once boasted over 100 defensive towers built by rival families, though these were later shortened when Florence became a republic. Today, visitors can explore the bustling Mercato Centrale for fresh local produce, savour the famous Bistecca alla Fiorentina (traditional T-bone steak), or wander through the Uffizi Gallery, all while experiencing a living museum where Renaissance masterpieces meet contemporary Tuscan life.

Pisa
Piazza dei Miracoli, Pisa, Tuscany (© MasterLu - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Situated in Tuscany where the Arno River meets the Ligurian Sea, Pisa boasts a rich history dating back to Etruscan times, later becoming a Roman colony around 180 BCE. The city flourished as a powerful maritime republic during the Middle Ages, competing with Venice and Genoa for Mediterranean dominance. Beyond its iconic Leaning Tower, Pisa houses the world's first university botanical garden, established in 1543, and is home to the prestigious University of Pisa, where Galileo Galilei conducted his groundbreaking studies on pendulums and time measurement. The city's culinary heritage features delectable dishes like cacciucco (fish stew) and cecina (chickpea pancake), whilst its architectural splendour extends far beyond the famous Piazza dei Miracoli, encompassing diverse styles from Romanesque to Gothic, as exemplified by the intricate Santa Maria della Spina church along the Arno. The city retains much of its 6.5-mile circuit of medieval walls and features fascinating archaeological remains that confirm its significance as an ancient maritime centre.

Lucca
Piazza dell'anfiteatro, Lucca, Tuscany (© kubais - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Lucca, a charming Tuscan city encircled by remarkably preserved Renaissance walls from the 16th century, was originally settled by the Etruscans and later became a Roman colony in 180 BCE. The city's fascinating history is evident in its perfectly preserved rectangular Roman street layout and the oval-shaped Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which follows the outline of an ancient Roman amphitheatre. One of its most distinctive landmarks is the 45-metre Guinigi Tower, crowned with a hanging garden of oak trees on its rooftop. The city flourished through its silk trade during the medieval period, producing the renowned Lucca cloth woven with gold or silver threads. Today, Lucca is celebrated as the birthplace of famous composers like Giacomo Puccini and Luigi Boccherini, and hosts Europe's largest comics and games festival. For food enthusiasts, local specialities include garmugia (a spring soup with artichokes and asparagus) and tordelli lucchesi (meat-stuffed pasta dressed with meat sauce). The city's elegant architecture, tree-lined walls perfect for cycling, and well-preserved historical centre make it one of Tuscany's most captivating destinations.
San Gimignano
San Gimignano, Tuscany (© LianeM - iStockphoto.com)
must-see Perched atop a hill in Tuscany, San Gimignano is a remarkably preserved medieval town that began as an Etruscan settlement in the 3rd century BCE. Its striking skyline features 14 medieval towers, the last survivors of an impressive 72 that once dominated the town, built by wealthy families competing for prestige. The town flourished as a crucial stop along the Via Francigena trade route between France and Rome, reaching a peak population of 12,000 during medieval times. Today, San Gimignano is renowned for its exceptional Gothic and Romanesque architecture, stunning frescoes by masters like Benozzo Gozzoli, and its acclaimed white wine, Vernaccia di San Gimignano, produced from ancient grape varieties grown on local sandstone hills. The town also boasts a world champion gelato shop and is famous for its locally produced saffron and pecorino cheese. Its historic centre, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site, features two main squares: the triangular Piazza della Cisterna with its medieval well, and Piazza Duomo, both surrounded by magnificent medieval palazzos that transport visitors back in time.

Siena
Siena, Tuscany (© fotowinnie - Fotolia.com)
must-see Located at the heart of Tuscany, Siena is a beautifully preserved medieval city that flourished as a major banking centre in the 13th century and remains home to the world's oldest operating bank, Monte dei Paschi, established in 1472. The city's distinctive architecture features warm, reddish-brown buildings that inspired the colour 'sienna', and its historic centre, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is built upon three hills connected by Y-shaped streets that converge at the remarkable shell-shaped Piazza del Campo. Beneath the city lies an impressive medieval engineering feat called the Bottini, an intricate network of underground water tunnels. Siena is renowned for its twice-yearly Palio horse race, its significant contribution to Italian art through masters like Duccio di Buoninsegna and Simone Martini, and its prestigious University of Siena founded in 1240. The surrounding province produces some of Italy's finest wines, particularly Chianti, and serves as an important agricultural centre for olives and cereal grains. The city's fierce historical rivalry with Florence shaped much of its development and cultural identity, leading to the creation of numerous architectural masterpieces that still stand today.

Val d'Orcia
Valley D'Orcia between Pienza and San Quirico d'Orcia in Tuscany (© Lesley Jacques - iStockphoto.com)
must-see The Val d'Orcia, a breathtaking region in southern Tuscany, has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2004, celebrated for its perfectly preserved Renaissance landscape that stretches from the hills south of Siena to Monte Amiata. This remarkable area, whose clay deposits formed over five million years, features gentle undulating hills adorned with cypress trees, ancient farmhouses, medieval castles, and stone towers that have served as filming locations for numerous acclaimed films, including Gladiator and The English Patient. The region's extraordinary beauty inspired Renaissance painters, including Ambrogio Lorenzetti's 14th-century masterpiece in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico, and continues to captivate photographers today. The area is renowned for its exceptional culinary heritage, particularly the prestigious Brunello di Montalcino wine, flavourful Pecorino cheese, and handmade pici pasta. A fascinating piece of transport heritage runs through the valley: a 19th-century railway line that still operates steam engines and historic carriages for special occasions, despite regular service having ended in 1994.

Central Italy

Umbria

Assisi
Assisi, Umbria (© oreundici - Fotolia.com)
must-see Perched on the slopes of Monte Subasio, the enchanting city of Assisi boasts a well-preserved historic center with stunning limestone buildings that sparkle in the evening light. Visitors can explore its narrow cobblestone streets, admire the sweeping views of the Umbrian countryside. The crown jewel of Assisi is the magnificent Basilica di San Francesco, home to some of Italy's most celebrated frescoes by Giotto and Cimabue. Beyond its religious significance, Assisi offers a blend of Roman ruins, medieval architecture, and vibrant piazzas.

Orvieto
Orvieto, Umbria (© Jenifoto - Fotolia.com)
must-see Perched dramatically atop a volcanic rock plateau, Orvieto medieval gem is renowned for its stunning Gothic cathedral, the Duomo di Orvieto, which boasts a magnificent facade and intricate frescoes. The town's charm lies in its winding cobblestone streets, ancient stone houses, and panoramic views of the Umbrian countryside. Orvieto's unique appeal extends underground, with a fascinating network of Etruscan caves, wells, and tunnels that visitors can explore. The city is also famous for its crisp white wines and rich culinary traditions, making it a perfect destination for those seeking a blend of history, culture, and gastronomy.

Perugia
Perugia, Umbria (© Duncan Campbell - iStockphoto.com)
outstanding Perugia, the capital of Umbria, is a captivating city perched atop a hill overlooking the Tiber valley. This medieval gem boasts a rich history dating back to Etruscan times, evident in its well-preserved architecture and ancient city walls. Perugia's historic center is a maze of narrow alleys, grand palaces, and stunning piazzas, with the impressive Palazzo dei Priori housing the renowned Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria. The city is famous for its chocolate, particularly the Baci confection, and hosts the annual Eurochocolate festival. With two historic universities, Perugia maintains a youthful and cosmopolitan atmosphere, blending cultural heritage with modern vibrancy. Founded in 1308, the University of Perugia is the 9th oldest in the world and the oldest in central Italy. Visitors to Perugia can enjoy panoramic views from the ancient aqueduct, explore underground medieval streets and the vibrant local food scene.

Lazio

Rome (Roma)
Piazza Navona, Rome (ID 120695489 © F11photo | Dreamstime.com)
Best in Europe Known as the "Eternal City", Rome is one of the most historically and culturally significant cities in the world. Capital of the Roman Republic during five centuries, and of the Roman Empire for another five, Rome was the political and cultural center of the ancient world. Rome flourished during the Renaissance, with artists like Michelangelo, Raphael, and Caravaggio leaving their mark. The city is home to some of the world's most iconic buildings, such as the Colosseum, the Pantheon, St. Peter’s Basilica, and the Sistine Chapel.
Bagnoregio
Bagnoregio, Lazio (© Pietro D'Antonio - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Positioned atop a hill made of friable volcanic tuff, Bagnoregio has been nicknamed "the dying city" due to the slow erosion of the hill, which is leading to the gradual abandonment of the town. It was founded by the Etruscans around 2,500 years ago. Its name derives from the Latin "Vicus Balneorum" or "town of baths," likely referring to the presence of natural hot springs in the area. The town is only accessible by a 300-metre long pedestrian bridge connecting it to the modern world. The bridge adds to the sense of isolation and timelessness. Its unique location renders it one of most photogenic places in Italy.

Abruzzo

Abruzzo National Park
Young chamois, Abruzzo National Park (© Excalibur - Fotolia.com)
must-see Abruzzo National Park, established in 1922 and officially recognised in 1923, is Italy's second-oldest national park and the oldest in the Apennine Mountains. This stunning protected area spans three regions: Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise, covering approximately 50,000 hectares with an additional 80,000 hectares of buffer zone. The park's history dates back to 1860, when the idea of a royal hunting reserve was first proposed. It plays a crucial role in preserving endangered species such as the Marsican brown bear and the Italian wolf. Interestingly, the area has been inhabited since prehistoric times by Samnite shepherds, who utilised the natural mountain passages. Visitors can explore ancient beech forests, marvel at picturesque landscapes, and perhaps catch a glimpse of the park's diverse wildlife whilst learning about the region's rich cultural heritage. One notable archaeological site is the ancient town of Amiternum, which dates back to around the 5th century BCE, and was an important Roman municipium.

South Italy

Campania

Naples (Napoli)
Bay of Naples, Campania (© Sergiogen - Fotolia.com)
must-see Naples is one of Europe's oldest cities. Founded as Parthenope in the 9th century BCE and later re-established as Neapolis ("New City") in 470 BCE, it played a crucial role in transmitting Greek culture to Roman society. The city flourished under Roman rule, becoming a favoured holiday destination for wealthy Romans, including emperors Claudius and Tiberius. Naples boasts remarkable archaeological sites, such as sections of Greek town walls and remains of a Roman theatre. The imposing Castel dell'Ovo, though remodelled over time, stands as a testament to the Norman period. Today, visitors can explore the city's fascinating layers of history, from its Greek origins to its time as the largest city in Europe during the Spanish Empire, whilst enjoying its world-renowned cuisine and stunning views of Mount Vesuvius. Additionally, Naples is home to the Naples National Archaeological Museum, which houses one of the world's finest collections of Roman artefacts, including mosaics, sculptures, and frescoes from Pompeii. Naples is also considered the birthplace of pizza, a legacy of its culinary creativity.

Capri
Capri, Campania (©  Yanta - Fotolia.com)
must-see Capri, an island in the Bay of Naples, Italy, has long enchanted visitors with its stunning landscapes and fascinating history. Known as a retreat for Roman emperors, it was particularly favoured by Emperor Tiberius, who ruled the Roman Empire from his villa on the island, Villa Jovis, from 27 to 37 CE. The island's Blue Grotto, a sea cave illuminated by an ethereal blue light, was likely used as a nymphaeum (a sanctuary dedicated to water nymphs) in ancient times. Capri is also geologically remarkable, formed by limestone and shaped by tectonic activity, offering breathtaking cliffs and caves. Today, it is a haven for naturalists and history enthusiasts alike, blending natural beauty with layers of antiquity..

Caserta Royal Palace & Park
Caserta Royal Palace, Campania (© Salvatore Pandolfi - Fotolia.com)
must-see The Royal Palace of Caserta is a magnificent 18th-century palace that rivals Versailles in grandeur. Commissioned by Charles VII of Naples in 1752, it boasts 1,200 rooms, 1,742 windows, and covers a staggering 47,000 square metres, making it the largest royal residence in the world by volume. The palace's 120-hectare park features a stunning 3.3km-long canal with fountains and cascades, supplied by the ingenious Carolino Aqueduct. The park’s layout nods to ancient Roman hydraulic engineering, blending classical influences with Baroque and Neoclassical design. The complex also includes the first example of an English Garden in Italy, commissioned by Queen Maria Carolina in 1786, showcasing over 200 botanical species. Film enthusiasts might recognise the palace's grand entrance hall from appearances in Star Wars and Mission Impossible.

Amalfi Coast
Positano, Amalfi coast, Campania (© jeremyreds - Fotolia.com)
must-see The Amalfi Coast, a stunning stretch of coastline with dramatic cliffs, crystal-clear waters, and picturesque villages, has been a sought-after destination for centuries. Originally founded by the Romans in the 4th century CE, Amalfi became a powerful maritime republic during the Middle Ages, dominating trade in the western Mediterranean. The coast's history is intertwined with naval prowess, as exemplified by Amalfi's medieval arsenal, the only known surviving example in southern Italy. The Amalfi Coast's towns, such as Ravello and Positano, flourished in the Middle Ages, with Ravello hosting a vibrant cultural scene and a famous music festival. Scientifically, the area's unique microclimate supports a rich variety of plant species, some of which were cultivated by the Romans, including the region's renowned lemons, which have been a key part of the local economy for millennia.

Pompeii
Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius against a vibrant sunset (© Simon Taylor | Dreamstime.com)
must-see Pompeii, located near modern Naples, is a fascinating snapshot of ancient Roman life, preserved in time by the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. This bustling city, founded around the 6th century BCE, thrived as a hub of trade and culture, with lavish villas, bustling forums, and intricate frescoes showcasing the artistry of the time. Its streets reveal innovative Roman engineering, including sophisticated aqueducts and stepping stones for crossing flooded roads. The eruption's ash remarkably preserved everything from graffiti to everyday household items, providing unique insights into Roman daily life. Visitors can explore sites like the amphitheatre, one of the oldest surviving in the world, and the Villa of the Mysteries, adorned with enigmatic frescoes. The ongoing excavations continue to reveal secrets, offering a blend of history, archaeology, and science.
Cilento & Vallo di Diano National Park
Palinuro, Cilento & Vallo di Diano National Park (Photoworld.it - Fotolia.com)
must-see Cilento & Vallo di Diano National Park, established in 1991, spans over 180,000 hectares, boasting diverse landscapes from rugged mountains and rolling hills to pristine beaches along the Tyrrhenian Sea. The park is home to ancient Roman ruins, such as the well-preserved archaeological site of Paestum. Nature lovers can explore the park's unique biodiversity, home to endangered species like the European otter, the Apennine wolf, and the Corsican hare, while hiking enthusiasts can traverse the numerous trails that wind through its varied terrain.

Basilicata

Matera
Matera, Basilicata (© Mi.Ti. - Fotolia.com)
must-see Matera is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities, with evidence of human settlements dating back to 7000 BCE. The city is renowned for its unique Sassi districts, ancient cave dwellings carved into limestone rock, which were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. Matera's history is a remarkable tale of transformation. Once dubbed the "shame of Italy" due to its extreme poverty and poor living conditions in the 1950s, the city has undergone a dramatic rebirth. It was named a European Capital of Culture in 2019, showcasing its cultural significance and successful urban regeneration. The Sassi were once considered symbols of poverty but have since been restored and transformed into boutique hotels, restaurants, and cultural spaces. Matera gained international fame as a filming location, including for movies like The Passion of the Christ and No Time to Die.

Apulia

Gargano National Park
Tremiti Islands, Gargano National Park (© Vaclav Janousek - Fotolia.com)
must-see The Gargano National Park, in northern Apulia, offers some of the most fantastic coastal views in Italy, a landscape of turquoise and deep-blue sea and white limestone rocks. Covering an area of approximately 121,118 hectares, the park is home to the Umbra Forest, one of the last remaining ancient forests in Italy and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With over 2,000 plant species, including 87 varieties of spontaneous orchids, Gargano National Park boasts one-third of Italy's total plant species. Interestingly, Monte Sant'Angelo, located in the heart of the park, is the highest inhabited center in all of Apulia.

Trani
Trani, Apulia (photo by Sergio Santamaria - CC BY-SA 4.0)
must-see Trani's charming old town, with its maze of medieval streets and vibrant marina, makes it a popular destination for tourists and a perfect representation of Puglia's coastal beauty. Trani played a significant role in maritime history, issuing the "Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris" in 1063, considered the oldest surviving maritime law code in the Latin West. The city's most iconic landmark is the 12th-century Romanesque Cathedral of San Nicola Pellegrino, which stands majestically on the Adriatic seafront. The city has a fascinating Jewish heritage, with the Scolanova Synagogue being one of the few medieval synagogues in Italy still in use today. Trani was also a favorite residence of Emperor Frederick II, who built an impressive castle there in 1233. Trani is renowned for its excellent seafood cuisine and the beautiful "pietra di Trani," a cream-colored local stone used in many of its buildings.

Giovinazzo
Giovinazzo, Apulia (© Mi.Ti. - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Giovinazzo was originally founded by the Romans and called Natolium, possibly built on the ruins of an earlier Peucete settlement destroyed during the Punic Wars. The town's historic center, known as Borgo Antico, is a well-preserved gem featuring narrow streets, small arches, and tiny squares, all located beside an attractive fishing harbor. Giovinazzo is nicknamed the "City of Olive Oil" due to the extensive cultivation of olive trees in the surrounding agricultural areas. The town's main square, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, is considered one of the most beautiful in Puglia and is unique in Italy due to its trapezoidal shape. Giovinazzo hosts an annual Historical Parade (Corteo Storico) on the Saturday before August 19th, featuring over 150 people in costume and evoking important historical events.

Bari
Bari, Apulia (© Mi.Ti. - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Bari is among the ten largest cities in Italy and serves as a key port for trade and maritime transport in the Adriatic. Bari's old town, known as Bari Vecchia, dates back over 2,000 years and features a maze of narrow streets where you can watch local women making traditional orecchiette pasta by hand. Bari boasts Europe's longest seafront promenade, offering spectacular views of the Adriatic Sea. The city is home to the Basilica di San Nicola, which houses the relics of Saint Nicholas (Santa Claus), making it an important pilgrimage site. The city hosts the annual Fiera del Levante, an important Occidental-Oriental trade fair that has been held since 1930.

Polignano a Mare
Polignano a Mare, Apulia (© mario montelatici - iStockphoto.com)
outstanding Perched dramatically atop a 20-meter-high limestone cliff overlooking the Adriatic Sea, Polignano a Mare boasts a rich history dating back to prehistoric times and is believed to be the site of the ancient Greek city of Neapolis of Apulia. Polignano is famous for three main attractions: its stunning crystal-clear waters perfect for cliff diving, its outstanding gelato, and as the birthplace of Domenico Modugno, who wrote and sang the international hit "Volare". The town's historic center, accessed through the 16th-century Arco Marchesale (also known as Porta Grande), features charming whitewashed streets, beautiful old churches, and panoramic terraces offering breathtaking sea views. A unique feature of Polignano a Mare is its "poetry trail," where verses in Italian and dialect decorate the walls of houses and streets, adding a touch of literary charm to the architectural beauty. Polignano a Mare is also renowned for its sea caves and caverns, many of which can only be explored by boat. The most famous of these is the Grotta Palazzese, which houses a renowned restaurant inside a natural cavity overlooking the sea. The town's iconic beach, Lama Monachile, is a small pebbled cove surrounded by towering cliffs and is the site of the annual Red Bull cliff diving competition.

Monopoli
Old port of Monopoli, Apulia (© Mi.Ti. - Fotolia.com)
outstanding The city's origins date back to the Bronze Age, and it later became an important port during the Crusades. Monopoli's strategic location made it a target for various civilisations, including the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Normans, and Venetians, each leaving their mark on the city's culture and architecture. One of the most fascinating aspects of Monopoli is its successful resistance against a three-month siege by Spanish forces in 1529, which led to the city being granted free status. Monopoli's old town is a maze of narrow alleys and whitewashed buildings, creating a picturesque setting that attracts thousands of tourists annually. The city is home to several notable landmarks, including the imposing Castle of Charles V, which overlooks the sea, and the Baroque-style Cathedral of Maria Santissima della Madia.

Alberobello
Alberobello, Apulia (© Claudio Giovanni Colombo - iStockphoto.com)
must-see Alberobello is a charming town renowned for its unique trulli houses. These distinctive dwellings, characterised by their conical roofs, date back to the mid-14th century and were built using a prehistoric dry-stone technique still in use today. The town's name originates from the Latin "silva arboris belli," meaning "forest of the tree of war," referring to an oak forest that once stood in the area. Alberobello boasts over 1,500 trulli structures, concentrated mainly in two districts: Rione Monti and Aia Piccola. These remarkable buildings earned Alberobello UNESCO World Heritage status in 1996, recognising their exceptional architectural and historical value. Interestingly, the trulli were originally constructed without mortar to avoid property taxes, as they could be easily dismantled during royal inspections.

Lecce
Roman Theatre, Lecce, Apulia (© Comugnero Silvana - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Lecce, often called the "Florence of the South," is renowned for its stunning Baroque architecture, characterised by intricate ornamentation and the use of local "Lecce stone," a soft limestone that's easily workable for sculptures. Lecce's origins are steeped in legend, with some attributing its foundation to around 1200 BCE, immediately after the fall of Troy. The city flourished under Roman rule, becoming an important centre for trade and commerce, as evidenced by the well-preserved Roman Amphitheater in the city centre. Lecce experienced a golden age during the 17th century when many of its most iconic Baroque buildings were constructed, including the breathtaking Basilica of Santa Croce and the expansive Piazza del Duomo. Interestingly, Lecce is home to a hidden river called Idume, which flows for 7 km and traverses the city center. Beneath Palazzo Adorno, there's a water-bearing layer that was once used as a natural swimming pool for the palace's inhabitants. The city is also an important agricultural centre, known for its olive oil and wine production, as well as an industrial hub specialising in ceramics.

Italian Islands

Sardinia

Maddalena Archipelago
Caprera island, Maddalena archipelago, Sardinia (© Susana Guzmán Martínez - iStockphoto.com)
must-see The Maddalena Archipelago, located in the Strait of Bonifacio between Sardinia and Corsica, is a stunning collection of seven main islands—La Maddalena, Caprera, Spargi, Santo Stefano, Santa Maria, Budelli, and Razzoli—along with numerous smaller islets. Established as a national park in 1994, it spans over 20,000 hectares of land and sea, featuring pristine beaches and rich marine biodiversity, including rare species like sperm whales and Caretta turtles. Historically significant, the archipelago has been inhabited since prehistoric times and was known to the Romans as Cunicularia. It has served as a strategic naval base for figures such as Admiral Nelson and Giuseppe Garibaldi, who spent his last years on Caprera. The islands are renowned for their unique natural beauty, particularly the pink sands of Budelli's Spiaggia Rosa and the crystal-clear waters that attract boaters and divers alike.

Northern Sicily

Palermo
Palermo, Sicily (© emicristea - Fotolia.com)
must-see Palermo is a historic city in Sicily with over 2,700 years of rich, multicultural heritage, founded originally by Phoenicians in the 8th century BCE. During its golden age under Arab rule in the 9th and 10th centuries, it was known as the "City of Delight", featuring over 300 mosques and becoming a prosperous centre of trade, art, and cultural tolerance. The city has been ruled by numerous civilisations including Phoenicians, Romans, Arabs, Normans, and Spaniards, which is reflected in its diverse architectural styles, and it is now Sicily's cultural and economic capital with a population of around 676,000. Palermo boasts the largest historic center in Italy after Rome, and is home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site showcasing its Arab-Norman architectural heritage.

Aeolian Islands
Salina, Aeolian Islands, Sicily (© eyeworld - Fotolia.com)
must-see Aeolian Islands are a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea composed of the islands of Lipari, Vulcano, Salina, Stromboli, Filicudi, Alicudi, Panarea and Basiluzzo. Stromboli and Vulcano are active volcanoes. The former has been in almost one continuous eruption for the past 2000 years and earned the nickname of "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean". The islands have been continuously inhabited since the 6th millennium BCE, with the first settlers exploiting obsidian stone. The seven islands are actually the peaks of underwater volcanic mountains, with Stromboli rising 924 meters above sea level but extending over 2000 meters below the sea surface. These islands are known for their unique volcanic activity, diverse landscapes, and rich agricultural production, particularly famous for producing Malvasia wine and capers. Each island has its own distinctive character, from the untouched Alicudi, where no cars exist and movement is only possible on foot, to Stromboli, which features an active volcano that provides spectacular lava displays, especially at night.

Mount Etna
Mount Etna, Sicily (© Francesco83 - Fotolia.com)
must-see Mount Etna is the highest active volcano in Europe, located on the eastern coast of Sicily, standing at approximately 3,329 meters above sea level. It is one of the world's most active stratovolcanoes, with a continuous eruptive history spanning over 500,000 years and documented activity for at least 2,700 years. UNESCO designated Mount Etna a World Heritage Site in 2013, recognising its extraordinary geological significance, unique biodiversity, and importance as a natural laboratory for scientific research. The volcano is not only a geological marvel but also deeply embedded in Sicilian culture, with ancient Greek myths describing it as the workshop of Hephaestus, the god of fire, and home to the Cyclops

Taormina
Taormina, Sicily (© Francesco83 - Fotolia.com)
must-see Taormina has a rich history dating back to 396 BCE, when it was founded by the Siculi after the destruction of nearby Naxos. Located on Mount Tauro with stunning views of the Ionian Sea and Mount Etna, the town has been a popular tourist destination since the 19th century and has attracted numerous famous artists and writers like Ernest Hemingway, Pablo Picasso, and Tennessee Williams. The town's famous Greek Theatre, built in the 2nd century, offers breathtaking views and continues to host cultural events, symbolising Taormina's long-standing artistic heritage. Throughout its 2,000-year history, Taormina has been conquered by various civilisations including Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Byzantines, Normans, and Spanish, making it a microcosm of Sicilian history.

Southeast Sicily

Catania
Catania, Sicily (© gaemau - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Catania was founded by Greeks in 729 BCE at the foot of Mount Etna. The city has a remarkable history of resilience, having been buried by Etna's magma at least 7 times and rebuilt multiple times. It was conquered by the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Normans, and became an important cultural and economic centre in Sicily. Notably, Catania is known for its UNESCO World Heritage city centre, featuring stunning Baroque architecture that was rebuilt after devastating natural disasters like the 1669 Etna eruption and the 1693 earthquake. The city is also famous for its deep devotion to Saint Agata, with an annual festival in February that transforms the city into a massive celebration.

Syracuse (Siracusa)
Fishing boats moored in the harbour of Ortigia island, Syracuse, Sicily (© Arsty | Dreamstime.com)
must-see Syracuse has a remarkable 2,700-year-old legacy. It was founded by Corinthian Greek settlers around 734 BCE and, at its peak, it was one of the most powerful cities in the Mediterranean, rivaling Athens in size and importance. It was famously described by Cicero as "the greatest Greek city and the most beautiful of them all". The city is notable for being the home of the renowned mathematician Archimedes, who was born, lived and died there. Syracuse's historic centre, Ortigia, is a small island that preserves stunning architectural treasures, including a magnificent cathedral built on ancient Greek ruins and an impressive archaeological park with a 5th-century BCE Greek Theatre.

Ragusa
Ragusa, Sicily (© boole2  - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Ragusa is divided into two parts: Ragusa Ibla (the historic lower town) and Ragusa Superiore (the upper town). After a devastating earthquake in 1693 that killed around 5,000 inhabitants, the city was rebuilt in a stunning Baroque style, which later earned it UNESCO World Heritage Site status. The city has a rich history influenced by the Byzantines, Arabs, and Normans, with its origins tracing back to the 2nd millennium BCE. Visitors can explore its beautiful Baroque architecture, including the impressive cathedral, and enjoy panoramic views from the Hyblean Gardens. Known as the "City of Bridges", Ragusa offers a unique blend of historical charm, architectural beauty, and breathtaking landscapes that make it a must-visit destination in Sicily.

Modica
Modica, Sicily (© luigi nifosě - Fotolia.com)
must-see Modica has a rich history dating back to the Bronze Age. Founded originally by the Sicels and later occupied by Greeks and Romans, the city became a powerful Norman county in the Middle Ages. After a devastating earthquake in 1693, Modica was rebuilt in stunning Sicilian Baroque style, becoming the fourth largest city in Sicily by the 1930s. The city is uniquely divided into two parts - Modica Alta (upper town) and Modica Bassa (lower town) - and is renowned for its dramatic mountain setting and 400-year tradition of chocolate-making. Visitors can explore its historic architecture, including the beautiful Cathedral of San Giorgio with its 300-step staircase, and enjoy the town's picturesque valleys and historic lanes.

Noto
Noto, Sicily (© dalib0r - Fotolia.com)
outstanding Noto is a stunning Sicilian town renowned for its exceptional Baroque architecture, which earned it UNESCO World Heritage status. The city was completely rebuilt in 1703 after the earthquake of 1693 which also destroyed the nearby cities of Ragusa and Modica. The new city was designed with remarkable architectural unity by three architects - Rosario Gagliardi, Vincenzo Sinatra, and Paolo Labisi - who created a unique urban landscape using local golden-yellow limestone that glows beautifully in sunlight. Historically, Noto has been ruled by the Sicans, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and Normans, each leaving their mark on the city's rich cultural heritage. The city is often called the "stone garden" due to its incredible concentration of Baroque buildings and is particularly famous for its beautiful Corso Vittorio Emanuele, which showcases magnificent churches, palaces, and architectural details.



Eupedia's Rating System

Cities, towns, villages & historic buildings

  • very good : Local interest
  • very good : Moderately interesting
  • outstanding : Outstanding place
  • must-see : Must-see in the country
  • best in Europe : Top cities in Europe

Natural attractions

  • : Local interest
  • : Moderately interesting
  • : Highly recommended
  • : World-class natural attraction
  • ※ : UNESCO World Heritage site