This map is based on the data from Yale University's Environment Performance Index (EPI) for 2022. As the most comprehensive global environmental analysis ever published, the 2022 EPI leverages 40 performance indicators grouped into 11 issue categories. These issue categories are in turn aggregated into 3 policy objectives: Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Climate Change.
Species Protection Index (2022)
This map is based on the data from Yale University's Environment Performance Index (EPI) for 2022. The Species Protection Index (SPI) measures how well a country's terrestrial protected areas overlap with the ranges of its vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species.
Species Habitat Index (2022)
This map is based on the data from Yale University's Environment Performance Index (EPI) for 2022. The Species Habitat Index (SHI) measures the proportion of suitable habitats for a country's species that remain intact, relative to a baseline set in the year 2001. While the SHI can be calculated for single species, Map of Life aggregates these metrics into a single score, with each species weighted according to the proportion of their global range that is found within the country. This weighting scheme encourages countries to take special care to ensure the protection of rare or endemic species. The SHI serves as a proxy for potential population losses and the extinction risk to individual species. A score of 100 indicates that a country has experienced no habitat loss since the year 2001, and a score of 0 indicates the worst levels of habitat loss.
Ecosystem Vitality Index (2022)
This map is based on the data from Yale University's Environment Performance Index (EPI) for 2022. The Ecosystem Vitality policy objective measures how well countries are preserving, protecting, and enhancing ecosystems and the services they provide. It is made up of six categories: Biodiversity & Habitat, Ecosystem Services, Fisheries, Acid Rain, Agriculture, and Water Resources.
Ecological footprint per person in global hectares (gha) (2016)
This map is based on the data from Global Footprint Network for 2016. Global hectares (gha) are the measurement unit for the ecological footprint of people or activities and the biocapacity of the earth or its regions. A global hectare is a biologically productive hectare (2.471 acres) with world average biological productivity for a given year.
Greenhouse gas intensity growth rate (2022)
This map is based on the data from Yale University's Environment Performance Index (EPI) for 2022. The Greenhouse gas intensity growth rate indicates countries' progress in decoupling emissions from economic growth. This indicator highlights the need for action on climate change mitigation in countries at all income levels. A score of 100 indicates that a country is successfully decoupling, with decreasing GHG intensity (<5th-percentile of all growth rates), and a score of 0 indicates increasing GHG intensity (>95th-percentile).
Recycling
Waste Management Index (Yale - 2022)
This map is based on the data from Yale University's Environment Performance Index (EPI) for 2022. The Waste Management issue category recognizes the threats of solid waste to human and environmental health. It is based on three indicators: controlled solid waste, recycling rates, and ocean plastic pollution.
Municipal waste recycling rates in Europe (Eurostat 2018)
This map was made using data from Eurostat (2018) and other sources.
Packaging waste recovery rate (Eurostat 2017)
This map was made using data from Eurostat for 2017. The recovery rate is the recycling rate + 'energy recovery' and ‘incineration with energy recovery’.
Pollution
Air Quality Index (2022)
This map is based on the data from Yale University's Environment Performance Index (EPI) for 2022. It consists of seven indicators: PM2.5 exposure, household solid fuels, ozone exposure, nitrogen oxides exposure, sulfur dioxide exposure, carbon monoxide exposure, and volatile organic compound exposure.
Consumption of Fairtrade products per capita (2015)
This map was made using data from FiBL-AMI survey 2017. Fairtrade products promotes sustainable development thanks to higher social and environmental standards in developing countries. Buying Fairtrade coffee, cocoa and bananas in particular help preserving the tropical rainforest and its biodiversity and reduce global warming.
Food Sustainability Index (The Economist & Barilla 2018)
This map is based on the data from Food Sustainability Index developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit in cooperation with Barilla.
This map is based on the data from Our World in Data for 2013. About 9% of global greenhouse gas emissions are caused by the methane emitted from cattle flatulence. Additionally, large swathes of the Amazon rainforest are being destroyed (usually burned) to expand cattle ranching. Tropical deforestation itself is responsible for 10% of global warming, and about half of it comes from the Amazon region. In other words, nearly 15% of total greenhouse has emissions are caused directly or indirectly by cattle farming. To put this in perspective, the aviation industry is responsible for "only" 3.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This is why reducing beef consumption is an essential step in fighting climate change. The world's biggest beef eaters by far are the Argentinians, Brazilians, Americans and Australians.
Energy production & consumption
Percentage of electricity produced from low CO2 sources (nuclear, hydro, wind, solar)
This map is based on the data from Wikipedia, combining the percentages of nuclear power and renewable electricity production (following the links for each country for the latest data) as of 2020-21.
Renewable energy as percentage of primary energy supply (OECD 2020)
This map is based on the data from Wikipedia for 2019 and other sources. Solar power is only one of several sources of renewable energy. Despite its high potential in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries, it is still very underexploited in many countries.
This map was made using data from ACEA (2018) and other sources. The automobile industry has been reducing carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions steadily on new car models year after year. This is why newer cars generally not only pollute less but also cause less global warming than older models.
Petrol (gasoline) consumption per capita in litres per day (2016)
