Austria Guide
Croatia Guide
Hungary Guide
Poland Guide
Slovakia Guide
Slovenia Guide
| Contents |
|---|
Introduction
Český Krumlov is a picturesque town located in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, with approximately 13,000 inhabitants. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992, it is the second most visited tourist destination in the country after Prague. The town is built around a magnificent 13th-century castle complex—the largest in Eastern Europe—situated on the banks of the Vltava River. What makes Český Krumlov particularly special is its remarkably preserved medieval street layout and architecture, featuring Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles that have remained largely intact over centuries. The historic centre is divided by the horseshoe meander of the Vltava River, with the old Latrán town part and the impressive castle complex on one side. Visitors can explore numerous attractions including the unique Baroque castle theatre from the 17th century, the Gothic Church of St. Vitus, and charming colourful houses that line the narrow streets.
Interesting Facts about Český Krumlov
- Český Krumlov's historic centre, along with its magnificent castle complex, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992.
- The town is situated in a horseshoe meander of the Vltava River, creating a picturesque setting.
- Český Krumlov Castle is one of the largest in Central Europe, covering an area of 7 hectares.
- The castle features a unique moat filled with bears, a tradition dating back centuries.
- The town's Baroque theatre, built in the late 17th century, is one of the oldest and best-preserved in the world.
- Český Krumlov's architecture showcases a blend of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles.
- The town has preserved its medieval street layout for over five centuries.
- Only about 500 people live in the old town area surrounding the castle.
- Český Krumlov was once a centre for alchemy and attracted scientists and artists from across Europe.
- The town's skyline is dominated by the iconic Renaissance tower of the castle, adorned with colourful frescoes.
- Český Krumlov's peaceful evolution over centuries has allowed it to maintain its architectural heritage intact.
- The town is often referred to as 'Little Prague' due to its historical significance and charm.
History
The town's origins are closely tied to the Gothic castle founded by the Lords of Krumlov before 1250. These noblemen were part of the influential Witigonen family, whose five-petalled rose emblem remains a symbol of the town. After the Krumlov line ended in 1302, the Rosenberg family inherited the estate, ushering in a golden age for Český Krumlov. Under their rule, the town flourished as a cultural and political hub, with Renaissance influences shaping its architecture and character. By 1602, however, the Rosenbergs sold the estate to Emperor Rudolf II, marking the beginning of new ownership cycles.
The 17th and 18th centuries saw Český Krumlov transformed under successive noble families. The Eggenbergs took control in 1622, revitalising the castle and town with Baroque grandeur. Their contributions included the construction of one of Europe’s oldest preserved Baroque theatres and expansions of the castle library. Following their extinction in 1719, the Schwarzenberg family assumed ownership, further enhancing the castle complex with features like the Cloak Bridge and Masquerade Hall. Despite these developments, by the late 19th century, economic stagnation and shifting priorities led to a decline in the castle’s prominence as a residence.
The modern history of Český Krumlov took a dramatic turn during World War II when it was annexed by Nazi Germany and renamed Krummau an der Moldau. After liberation in 1945, the town underwent significant demographic changes with the expulsion of its German population. In 1947, its historic properties were nationalised by Czechoslovakia. Decades of neglect followed until its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992 sparked restoration efforts. Today, Český Krumlov is celebrated for its medieval charm, preserved architecture, and cultural significance, drawing visitors from around the globe.
Main Attractions
Český Krumlov Castle
The magnificent Český Krumlov Castle dominates the town's skyline and stands as the second largest castle complex in the Czech Republic. Originally constructed in 1240 by the Witigonen family, the castle has undergone numerous renovations and expansions throughout its long history, resulting in a fascinating blend of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architectural elements. The castle complex encompasses 40 buildings and palaces, five courtyards, and a sprawling 11-hectare garden. Its iconic round tower, painted in distinctive white and red, rises 54 metres above the town and serves as the most recognisable symbol of Český Krumlov.
Inside the castle, visitors can marvel at the exquisitely preserved interiors featuring original furnishings, artwork, and decorations. The Rosenberg Ballroom showcases ornate ceiling frescoes depicting scenes from Greek mythology, while the Renaissance Hall contains portraits of the noble families who once owned the castle. The Royal Apartments display lavish Baroque furniture and tapestries that reflect the opulent lifestyle of the aristocracy. The Chapel of St. George, with its Gothic vaulting and religious artwork, offers a glimpse into the spiritual life of the castle's former inhabitants.
One of the castle's most remarkable features is its Baroque theatre, constructed in 1682. As one of the few preserved Baroque theatres in the world, it retains its original stage machinery, scenery, props, and costumes. The theatre's wooden structure, painted backdrops, and intricate mechanical systems for creating special effects represent a rare example of 17th-century theatrical technology.
Historic Old Town
The Historic Old Town of Český Krumlov is a labyrinth of narrow, winding cobblestone streets lined with colourful Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque buildings. The medieval urban layout has remained largely unchanged since the 14th century, creating an authentic atmosphere that transports visitors back in time. The town's distinctive red-tiled roofs create a picturesque panorama when viewed from elevated positions, particularly from the castle tower.
The architectural harmony of the Old Town stems from its organic development over centuries, with each building contributing to the overall medieval character while maintaining its individual charm. Many structures feature ornate façades with sgraffito decorations—a Renaissance technique involving layers of plaster scratched to reveal contrasting colours underneath. These decorative elements often depict historical scenes, religious motifs, or geometric patterns that add visual interest to the streetscape.
The town's layout follows the natural meandering of the Vltava River, which embraces the historic centre in a tight horseshoe bend. This geographical feature not only contributed to the town's defensive capabilities in medieval times but also created the unique urban form that makes Český Krumlov so visually distinctive today.
Náměstí Svornosti (Main Square)
Náměstí Svornosti, or Concord Square, forms the heart of Český Krumlov's historic centre. This trapezoidal space has served as the town's main marketplace and gathering place since the 13th century. The square is surrounded by burgher houses featuring Renaissance and Baroque façades, many of which have been meticulously restored to their original appearance.
At the centre of the square stands the Plague Column, erected in 1716 to commemorate the end of a devastating plague epidemic. This Baroque monument features statues of saints believed to protect against disease, including St. Sebastian, St. Francis Xavier, and St. Roch. The column is crowned with a statue of the Virgin Mary, reflecting the deep Catholic faith that pervaded the region during the Counter-Reformation period.
The square's Renaissance town hall, with its distinctive tower and clock, dates back to the 16th century and showcases the architectural style favoured by the powerful Rosenberg family who ruled the town during that period. The building's façade features restored sgraffito decorations depicting allegorical figures and scenes from classical mythology.
Church of St. Vitus
The Church of St. Vitus stands as the most significant religious building in Český Krumlov, with its tall spire forming an integral part of the town's skyline. Construction began in the 14th century in the Gothic style, but the church underwent significant renovations in the 15th and 16th centuries, resulting in a blend of Gothic and Renaissance elements.
The church's exterior features flying buttresses, pointed arches, and an octagonal tower typical of Gothic architecture. Inside, visitors can admire the high vaulted ceiling, ornate altar pieces, and a collection of religious art spanning several centuries. The main altar, created in the late Baroque period, displays elaborate gilded decorations and dramatic religious scenes.
Of particular note is the church's pipe organ, dating from the 18th century, which continues to be used for concerts and religious services. The acoustics within the church are exceptional, making it a popular venue for classical music performances, especially during the summer festival season.
Cloak Bridge
The Cloak Bridge (Plášťový most) represents one of the most remarkable architectural features of Český Krumlov Castle. This unusual covered passageway connects the castle's Upper Gardens with the theatre building, spanning a deep ravine between the two areas. Constructed in the 18th century, the bridge consists of three tiers of arched corridors stacked vertically, creating a visually dramatic structure that appears to cling to the rocky outcrop beneath the castle.
The bridge's name derives from its distinctive appearance, which resembles a cloak draped over the ravine. From certain vantage points in the town, the bridge creates a striking silhouette against the sky, particularly when illuminated at night. The uppermost level of the bridge houses a corridor decorated with frescoes and sculptures, while the lower levels contain structural arches that support the passageway above.
Standing on the Cloak Bridge offers visitors spectacular views of the town below, the meandering Vltava River, and the surrounding countryside. The engineering achievement represented by this structure highlights the technical sophistication of Baroque architecture and the determination of the castle's owners to create convenient connections between different parts of their vast complex.
Castle Gardens
The Castle Gardens of Český Krumlov extend over 11 hectares, making them one of the largest castle garden complexes in Central Europe. Designed in the Baroque style during the 17th century and later modified with Rococo elements, the gardens feature meticulously manicured lawns, geometric flower beds, and carefully placed sculptural elements that create a harmonious landscape.
The Cascade Fountain forms the centrepiece of the gardens, with water flowing down a series of stone basins adorned with mythological figures. Nearby stands the Bellaria, a delicate summer palace used for entertainment and social gatherings during the warmer months. This small pavilion features elegant proportions and decorative elements typical of Rococo architecture.
One of the garden's most unusual features is the Revolving Auditorium, an open-air theatre with a rotating audience platform installed in the 20th century. While controversial from a conservation perspective, this modern addition allows spectators to experience performances against the backdrop of different garden settings as the seating area rotates between scenes.
The gardens also contain a baroque fountain with Neptune and other mythological figures, formal hedges trimmed into geometric patterns, and tree-lined avenues that create shaded walkways during summer. From various points within the gardens, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the castle complex and the town below.
Vltava River
The Vltava River, Bohemia's longest waterway, curves dramatically around the historic centre of Český Krumlov, nearly encircling the Old Town in a tight horseshoe bend. This distinctive geographical feature has shaped the town's development and character since its foundation. The river's clear waters reflect the colourful buildings along its banks, creating picturesque scenes that have inspired artists for centuries.
Stone bridges spanning the river connect different parts of the town, with the most notable being the Lazebnický Bridge (Barber's Bridge). This pedestrian crossing offers excellent views of the castle and the riverfront buildings, making it one of the most photographed locations in Český Krumlov. The bridge dates back to the medieval period, though it has been reconstructed several times throughout history.
Along the riverbanks, weirs create gentle cascades that add both visual and auditory dimensions to the townscape. These weirs originally served practical purposes, powering mills and other water-driven machinery that supported the town's economy. Today, they contribute to the romantic atmosphere that pervades the historic centre.
Mount Klet'
Rising to 1,084 metres above sea level, Mount Klet' dominates the landscape surrounding Český Krumlov. This forested mountain has been a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts since the 19th century, offering hiking trails of varying difficulty that wind through beech and spruce forests. The mountain is located within the Blanský Forest Nature Reserve, a protected area known for its rich biodiversity and geological features.
At the summit stands the Josef Mader Observatory, the highest-situated astronomical observatory in Bohemia. Built in 1957, this facility houses a large telescope used for both scientific research and public viewing sessions. Next to the observatory, visitors can climb the Klet' Lookout Tower, a stone structure built in 1825 that provides panoramic views extending to the Alps on clear days.
For those who prefer not to hike, a chairlift operates from the village of Krásetín to a point near the summit, making the mountain accessible to visitors of all fitness levels. During winter, the slopes of Mount Klet' become a popular destination for cross-country skiing, with several marked trails traversing the mountain's flanks.
Minorite Monastery
The Minorite Monastery, founded in the 14th century, represents one of the oldest religious institutions in Český Krumlov. The complex includes the Church of Corpus Christi and the Body of the Lord, as well as convent buildings arranged around a peaceful cloister. After extensive restoration work, the monastery now stands as a fine example of Gothic architecture with later Baroque modifications.
The monastery church features a single nave with a ribbed vault ceiling and tall, narrow windows that allow light to filter into the interior. The main altar, reconstructed in the Baroque period, displays elaborate gilded decorations and religious imagery. Adjacent to the church, the cloister provides a tranquil space for contemplation, with its Gothic arcades surrounding a small garden.
Throughout its history, the monastery has served various functions beyond its religious purpose, including as a hospital during times of epidemic and as a military barracks. Today, parts of the complex host cultural events, concerts, and exhibitions that celebrate the town's rich heritage.
Seminární Zahrada Viewpoint
The Seminární Zahrada (Seminary Garden) offers one of the most spectacular viewpoints in Český Krumlov. Located on a hillside above the town, this terraced garden provides an unobstructed panorama of the historic centre, the castle complex, and the Vltava River as it winds through the landscape.
Originally part of the Jesuit seminary established in the 17th century, the garden features stone retaining walls, ornamental staircases, and carefully positioned benches that invite visitors to linger and absorb the scenic beauty before them. The viewpoint is particularly magical during the golden hours of early morning and late afternoon, when the low sunlight bathes the red-tiled roofs and colourful façades in a warm glow.
From this elevated position, the urban layout of Český Krumlov becomes clearly visible, revealing how the town has developed organically within the constraints of its unusual geographical setting. Photographers particularly value this location for capturing iconic images that showcase the harmonious relationship between the built environment and the natural landscape.
Top Museums
Regional Museum
The Regional Museum, housed in a Baroque building that was formerly a Jesuit High School, offers a comprehensive look at the town's history. The museum's crown jewel is an impressive ceramic model of Český Krumlov's old town, one of the largest of its kind globally. This detailed model, built between 1977 and 1984, covers 26 hectares of the urban preservation area, featuring about 800 structures and showcasing the town as it appeared around 1800.
The museum's permanent exhibition, "The Historic Presentation of the Cesky Krumlov Region from Prehistory to the End of the 19th century", guides visitors through the region's rich historical development. With over 34,000 collection articles, including archaeological finds, folk art, and historical artefacts, the museum provides a thorough insight into the area's past. The exhibits delve into the lives of the local inhabitants, from medieval times to the industrial era, highlighting significant events and figures that shaped the region.
Egon Schiele Art Centre
Located in a large Renaissance building that once served as the municipal brewery, this internationally renowned gallery focuses on contemporary visual art. It also houses a permanent exhibition dedicated to the life and work of Austrian expressionist Egon Schiele. Schiele's connection to Český Krumlov is significant, as his mother was born in the town, and he often visited his uncle here. The centre showcases not only Schiele's works but also those of other artists influenced by him, offering a unique perspective on early 20th-century art.
The Egon Schiele Art Centre also hosts temporary exhibitions featuring both local and international artists, making it a vibrant cultural hub in the town. Its diverse programme includes concerts, lectures, and workshops, further enriching the cultural landscape of Český Krumlov.
Monastery Museum
Situated in the heart of the old town, this museum offers a spiritual retreat. Visitors can explore the Church of Corpus Christi and the Virgin Mary, a Gothic cloister with lunette paintings, St. Wolfgang's Chapel featuring medieval wall paintings, and a Baroque picture gallery. The museum provides a glimpse into the monastic life that once flourished in Český Krumlov, highlighting the role of religious institutions in shaping the town's architecture and cultural heritage.
The museum's collection includes religious artefacts, liturgical objects, and artworks that reflect the artistic and spiritual traditions of the region. The tranquil atmosphere of the monastery complex invites visitors to reflect on the historical and spiritual significance of the site.
Museum Fotoatelier Seidel
This unique museum offers a glimpse into early 20th-century professional photography. Housed in an authentically preserved setting, it showcases the work of the Seidel father and son duo, featuring still-functional photo equipment and a historical studio where visitors can have vintage-style photos taken. The museum provides insight into the techniques and practices of early photography, highlighting the Seidels' contributions to the field.
Visitors can explore the original darkroom, see antique cameras, and learn about the photographic processes used during that era. The museum also offers interactive experiences, allowing visitors to step into the shoes of early photographers and understand the art and science behind their craft.
Wax Museum
The Krumlov Wax Museum focuses on South Bohemian personalities and famous figures from art and history. Its mysterious cellar recreates a medieval town, complete with an alchemist's workshop and an old tavern. The museum offers a unique blend of history and entertainment, featuring lifelike wax figures that bring the past to life.
The museum's collection includes figures of historical figures, artists, and even mythical characters, all set within detailed and atmospheric settings. This interactive approach to history makes the museum appealing to visitors of all ages, providing a fun and engaging way to learn about the region's rich cultural heritage.
Moldavite Museum
This interactive exhibition tells the story of moldavite, a unique South Bohemian stone. Visitors can learn about its formation millions of years ago following a meteorite impact and view moldavites from various locations. The museum explores the geological and cultural significance of moldavite, which is often associated with good luck and spiritual powers.
The exhibition includes educational displays, videos, and interactive elements that explain the scientific aspects of moldavite's origin and its impact on local culture. Visitors can also see a variety of moldavite specimens and learn about the myths and legends surrounding this enigmatic stone.
Museum of Architecture and Craft
While specific details are limited, this museum likely showcases the architectural heritage and traditional crafts of the region. It may feature exhibits on local building techniques, historical architectural styles, and the evolution of craftsmanship in South Bohemia. The museum could also highlight the role of artisans and craftsmen in shaping the town's unique character.
By exploring the traditional crafts and architectural styles of the region, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of Český Krumlov's cultural identity and the factors that have contributed to its preservation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Local Cuisine
Indulge in traditional Czech dishes such as svíčková, a tender beef sirloin in creamy vegetable sauce served with dumplings, or savour the Krumlov speck, a locally produced dry-cured pork belly perfect with a pint of dark smoked beer. Don't miss the chance to try kulajda, a distinctive South Bohemian soup made with cream, mushrooms, egg, potatoes, and dill. For a sweet treat, sample the Old Bohemian gingerbread, crafted using a 16th-century recipe, or the unique Krumlov caramel made by hand without preservatives. Seafood lovers should opt for the grilled carp, a local catch, whilst meat enthusiasts can relish the pork knuckle or roast duck. To round off your culinary adventure, sip on some locally produced liqueur or enjoy a cup of speciality coffee from one of the town's charming cafés.
Getting There & Around
To reach the picturesque town of Český Krumlov travellers have several options. From Prague, the most convenient method is to take a direct bus, which takes approximately three hours and offers regular departures throughout the day. Alternatively, one can opt for a train journey, though this typically requires a change at České Budějovice and may take slightly longer. For those preferring more flexibility, hiring a car allows for a scenic drive through the Czech countryside, taking roughly 2.5 hours from Prague. Once in Český Krumlov, the compact nature of the town centre means that most attractions are easily accessible on foot, allowing visitors to fully immerse themselves in the medieval charm and stunning architecture of this UNESCO World Heritage site.