Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR14. The maximum frequencies are observed in Kosovo (8.5%), Albania (7.5%), South Italy (7.5%), Georgia (7.5%), Romania (7%), Macedonia (6.7%), Greece (6.5% but 4% in Crete), Armenia (6.5%). DR14 is virtually absent from the Sardinian, Basque...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR10. The maximum frequencies are observed in the Lebanon (5.2%), Saudi Arabia (4.8%), Palestine (4.7%), Jordan (3.8%), Morocco (3.3%), Algeria (3%), Tunisia (3%), and oddly enough also among the Saami people (2.9%). It is absent from the Basque...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR13. Unlikely most other HLA types, DR13 does not show any specific geographic pattern or associated with ethnic groups or Y-DNA haplogroup. This is because DR13 is in fact divided in three major subclades and patterns are only meaningful within...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR9. It is overall an North Asian HLA type, although it is also found in Lebanon and the Maghreb (but Lebanese do have 1-2% of North Asian DNA associated with Y-DNA haplogroup Q1b). The maximum frequencies are observed among the Saami (7 to 16%...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR7. The maximum frequencies are observed in the Basque country (26 to 31%), northern Catalonia (23%), the Balearic Islands (22%), Cantabria (20%), Tunisia (19%), Saudi Arabia (18%), Andalusia (17.5%), Libya (17%), and in Ireland (16%). You...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR15. The maximum frequencies are observed in the Pasiegos of Cantabria in northern Spain (32%), the Chuvash of the Volga region (19.5%), Ireland (18.5%), Denmark (18.5%), Brittany (18%), Orkney (18%), Norway (15.5%) and Sweden (15.5%).
DR15...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR3. The maximum frequencies are observed in Sardinia (56%), the Basque country (19.5%), Ireland (18%), Morocco (16.5%), Tunisia (16.5%), Libya (15.5%), Saudi Arabia (15.5%), Belgium (15.5%), Wales (15%), Algeria (15%), England/Scotland (14.5%)...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR16. The maximum frequencies are observed in the United Emirates (18%), Bulgaria (17.5%), Macedonia (15.5%), Greece (13.5%), Albania (12.5%), Serbia (11%), Croatia (10.5%) and Sardinia (10.5%).
It is completely absent from the Saami, Breton...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR1. The maximum frequencies are observed in the Volga-Ural region, among the Mari (24%), Chuvash (18.5%), Kostroma Russians (17.5%) and South Ural Russians (16%).
Subtypes
There are three main subclades of DR1:
- DRB1*01:01 : the vast...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-A3, which is divided in two subtypes : A3:01 and A3:02. The former is mostly found in Europe, with lower frequencies across the Middle East, Central Asia (Uygurs), India and even isolated parts of Africa (Cameroon). The latter peaks in Georgia...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DQ8. The world's highest frequencies are observed in Central and South America (up to 80%), then in Siberia (11-22%).
It has been suggested that a migration from people east of the Urals is responsible for DQ8. The strongest association with...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DQ2. The world's highest frequencies are observed among the Sardinians (59%), the Basques (48%), the Brahui and Balochi of Pakistan (40%), the Moroccans (35%) and the Saudis (35%).
Subtypes
HLA-DQ2 comprises two subtypes DQB1*0201 and...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-B27. The maximum frequencies are observed among the Saami (20% in northern Sweden, 15% in Norway), then in the rest of Fennoscandia, in Belgium, England and Scotland.
HLA-B27 is the most routinely tested HLA types by doctors because carrying...
Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR4. The maximum frequencies are observed among Murmansk Saami, Norwegians, Welsh, Southwest English, Belgians and Armenians.
Subtypes
DR4 has over 100 subtypes (subclades). Here is the distribution of the 10 most common.
DRB1*04:01: peaks...
I have made a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*11, aka HLA-DR11. It clearly seems to have a West Asian origin, and probably spread alongside Y-DNA haplogroup J2 considering the high frequencies of both in Iran, Armenia, Turkey, Greece, Albania and Italy. The Saudis and North Africans...
Here is my first HLA map. I chose to start with HLA-A1 because it is the first chronologically, but also because it is one of the most common HLA types in Europe.
The HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) genes are on important component of the immune system regulation. They are cell-surface...
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