Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR14. The maximum frequencies are observed in Kosovo (8.5%), Albania (7.5%), South Italy (7.5%), Georgia (7.5%), Romania (7%), Macedonia (6.7%), Greece (6.5% but 4% in Crete), Armenia (6.5%). DR14 is virtually absent from the Sardinian, Basque, Pasiegos and Saami populations. You can visualise the data by country on this table of HLA-DR frequencies. Otherwise Gypsies have the highest frequencies with 24% in Andalusian Gypsies and 12% in Bohemian Gypsies.
Worldwide, the highest frequencies are observed in Amerindians from Argentinia (34% to 67%), Chile (21%) and southern Brazil (21%), Taiwanese aboriginal tribes (between 10% and 40%), Chinese tribes from Yunnan (20%), Vietnam (15%), Japan (10%, but 20% among the aboriginal Ainu), the Philippines (11%), Dravidians from Tamil Nadu (16%) and Sinhalese from Sri Lanka (10%). The high frequencies in aboriginal South, Southeast and East Asian populations suggests a very old origin with the diffusion of Y-haplogroups C and D along the coasts of South Asia over 60,000 years ago.
The distribution correlates strongly with the ancient Greek world and Y-haplogroup E-M78 (esp. E-V13). This is true in the Balkans (respecting the peak in Kosovo) and Italy, but also among the Kurds and the Tatars who both have high frequencies of E-M78.
Subclades
Most Europeans belong to the DRB1*14:01 subclade, which is also the one found in Japan, China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.
DRB1*14:02 is mostly Native American, but is also found in Finland, Switzerland and northern Italy.
DRB1*14:03 is found mostly among the Ket and Evenk peoples of Siberia living just north of Mongolia, but has been found at trace frequencies in China, Turkey, Poland and the Czech Republic. It is probably linked to Y-haplogroup C3 and Q1a.
Gypsies belong to the DRB1*14:04 subclade, which is also found in the Indian subcontinent (obviously), and at low frequencies around the Balkans (probably from intermarriages with Gypsies).
DRB1*14:05 is found all over East Asia, and also at trace frequencies in Turkey, Poland, Croatia, Switzerland and Spain. It could also be linked to Y-haplogroup Q1a.
Greeks, Albanians and South Italians belong mostly to DRB1*14:01 (about 5%), but also to DRB1*14:02, DRB1*14:04, DRB1*14:07, DRB1*14:10, and DRB1*14:54 (1.2%).
Georgians belong to DRB1*14:01 (5%), DRB1*14:04 (0.6%),DRB1*14:09 (1.2%) and DRB1*14:21 (0.6%).
Medical associations
There aren't many known association with DRB1*1401, the main type of DR14 found in Europe and the Middle East.
DRB1*14:02 is associated juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,but also increased longevity in Okinawans.
SNP's
You can verify if you carry HLA-DR14 by checking your raw data from 23andMe, Geno 2.0 or FamilyFinder. I only have the alleles for these two subclades.
- DRB1*14:01 : rs2763979 (T) rs1794265 (C)
- DRB1*14:04 : rs805262 (T) rs1794265 (C)
You normally need to be positive for both alleles for one of these subclades.
Worldwide, the highest frequencies are observed in Amerindians from Argentinia (34% to 67%), Chile (21%) and southern Brazil (21%), Taiwanese aboriginal tribes (between 10% and 40%), Chinese tribes from Yunnan (20%), Vietnam (15%), Japan (10%, but 20% among the aboriginal Ainu), the Philippines (11%), Dravidians from Tamil Nadu (16%) and Sinhalese from Sri Lanka (10%). The high frequencies in aboriginal South, Southeast and East Asian populations suggests a very old origin with the diffusion of Y-haplogroups C and D along the coasts of South Asia over 60,000 years ago.
The distribution correlates strongly with the ancient Greek world and Y-haplogroup E-M78 (esp. E-V13). This is true in the Balkans (respecting the peak in Kosovo) and Italy, but also among the Kurds and the Tatars who both have high frequencies of E-M78.
Subclades
Most Europeans belong to the DRB1*14:01 subclade, which is also the one found in Japan, China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.
DRB1*14:02 is mostly Native American, but is also found in Finland, Switzerland and northern Italy.
DRB1*14:03 is found mostly among the Ket and Evenk peoples of Siberia living just north of Mongolia, but has been found at trace frequencies in China, Turkey, Poland and the Czech Republic. It is probably linked to Y-haplogroup C3 and Q1a.
Gypsies belong to the DRB1*14:04 subclade, which is also found in the Indian subcontinent (obviously), and at low frequencies around the Balkans (probably from intermarriages with Gypsies).
DRB1*14:05 is found all over East Asia, and also at trace frequencies in Turkey, Poland, Croatia, Switzerland and Spain. It could also be linked to Y-haplogroup Q1a.
Greeks, Albanians and South Italians belong mostly to DRB1*14:01 (about 5%), but also to DRB1*14:02, DRB1*14:04, DRB1*14:07, DRB1*14:10, and DRB1*14:54 (1.2%).
Georgians belong to DRB1*14:01 (5%), DRB1*14:04 (0.6%),DRB1*14:09 (1.2%) and DRB1*14:21 (0.6%).
Medical associations
There aren't many known association with DRB1*1401, the main type of DR14 found in Europe and the Middle East.
DRB1*14:02 is associated juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,but also increased longevity in Okinawans.
SNP's
You can verify if you carry HLA-DR14 by checking your raw data from 23andMe, Geno 2.0 or FamilyFinder. I only have the alleles for these two subclades.
- DRB1*14:01 : rs2763979 (T) rs1794265 (C)
- DRB1*14:04 : rs805262 (T) rs1794265 (C)
You normally need to be positive for both alleles for one of these subclades.
