Vitruvius
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Good, then we can agree that Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Diogenes, Pythagoras, Archimedes and Hippocrates were all in fact Greeks and that Greek history did and does in fact exist prior to 360BC as the Greek people, their respective city states and core ethnogeography was well recognized both internally and externally. This is not debatable as it is corroborated countless times in the historic record.Thank you. We are arguing semantics yet saying the same thing. As I wrote above, Dianatomia said "There was no Greece, as in Greek nation state. There certainly was though, a concept of "Greece" referred to as Hellas" and I agreed with him. Whether we refer to it as Hellas or Greece, it really doesn't matter to me. We are simply trying to be consistent when referring to the area.
King Philip II of Macedonia (NOT Greece, but Macedonia) and Alexander the Great conquered Greece. You yourself just spoke of "Macedonia's conquest" of Greece.
No different than I speak of the "Roman" conquest of Italy, or how we refer to the "Roman Empire" despite it in reality composing its legions of pan Italic soldiery. Macedonia, the Greek power objectively did conquer the totality of Greece proper.
If Philp had thought he was Greek, he would have called himself Philip of Greece, but he didn't, he was Philip II of Macedonia. That designation alone signifies a conscience understanding in the difference of identity.
No it really doesn't. I don't even modestly see how one comes to this conclusion. Is Leonardo Da Vinci not Italian? Would he be more Italian if he had called himself Leonardo D'Italia?
In fact, one of Philip's biggest desires was to defeat Greece. If I apply your logic to The battle of Marathon, the Athenians would be considered Persian even though they won.
Every Greek power wanted to "defeat Greece" and control it. That's the most Greek attitude any Greek power could have. No idea where you're getting your logic from the second statement from. I certainly never said nor believe anything like that.
Macedonia wasn't anything like Greece.
It was a part of Greece. It participated in the Olympic games which only Greek powers were allowed to compete in and we know from the Pella curse tablet that Macedonians in their capital spoke a Doric northwestern Greek dialect even before its conquest of the rest of Greece and the importation/adoption of Koine. Polymathy has already recorded an excellent explanation of the topic.
Things were very different in Macedonia where they really didn't have a thriving middle class, and they didn't have any city-states. They had villages and towns and hamlets. Instead of a thriving middle class, they had a group that tilled the land. I'm not sure if I would call them peasants... you know what, I will call them peasants. You definitely had a nobility that these people owed their allegiance to a King. The idea of having a king to the Greeks was a sign of barbarism [...] so if you had a king, that was a sure sign that you probably weren't Greek
That's an ignorant supposition given that the Spartans were ruled by an unbroken succession of kings for 738 years from at least 930BC to 192BC. We even have protohistoric documentation from the Hittites of Spartan kings which date even into the late bronze age/protohistoric era. Furthermore, the Syracusians were ruled almost exclusively by Tyrants who in many cases referred to themselves as Kings (see Agothoclese and Phintias). This isn't even going to dive into the idealized Odysseus, King of Ithica, who was of course the major protagonist to Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, retold be every Greek tribe of every city state in Greece.
So no, your idea that Greekness is defined by a particular set of political ideas is also false. As I've stated before, "Greeks" are an ethnic group and "Greece" is an ethnogeography. One does not simply stop being Greek by participating in the wrong form of government.
Historian Ian Worthington draws this distinction as he compares an Athenian to a Macedonian and compares their cultures and the way they grow up, and the carrots and sticks in their societies and how something like that might actually have an effect on the battlefield when you have to walk up and shove a spear into your adversary.
Historian Ian Worthington unambiguously states that the Macedonians were Greeks.
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