I have just updated the Y-DNA frequencies for Denmark, Sweden and Norway. The sample sizes are now respectively 613, 1323 and 2826, including the FTDNA projects for each country. I didn't use the data from the Scandinavian DNA Project and the Viking DNA Project as I didn't feel like checking for duplicates.
Compared to the older data, the percentage of I1 and R1a have increased in Denmark, while R1b and Q have diminished. In Norway and Sweden I1 decreased while R1b increased. I2b (or I2a2 now) increased everywhere.
Apart from one J1 sample in western Norway and one T in Denmark, haplogroups J1 and T seem to be completely absent from Scandinavia.
I have noticed a few interesting new pattern in the distribution of some haplogroups. For a start, haplogroups E1b1b and J2 seem to be completely absent from the southern tips of both Norway and Sweden (as confirmed by the major papers by Dupuy et al. 2005, Karlsson et al. 2006 and FTDNA data). Both haplogroups are found in more central regions. Haplogroup E in Sweden and Norway appears to be exclusively E-V13 (also mostly in Denmark although at least one E-M123 was found).
The almost reverse pattern can be observed for haplogroup G2a, which is is found in southern Sweden and west coast of Norway (roughly between Stavanger and Ålesund). In Scandinavia G2a seems to be exclusively the Indo-European G2a3b1, which I have linked to the diffusion of R1b since the Bronze Age. Those who tested for deep clades were L42+ (G2a3b1a2a). The other G2a subclades linked to the Neolithic farmers have not been found in Scandinavia. This can mean two things:
1) the Neolithic farmers, such as those identified by Skoglund et al. 2012 and who were autosomally West Asian, did not belong to G2a like in other Neolithic sites in Europe, but probably more to E-V13.
2) those Neolithic farmers did belong to G2a, but were wiped out by Bronze Age invaders.
It is easy to see how G2ab1a came alongside R1b as it is found mostly where R1b peaks in Scandinavia. The question is how and when did E-V13 and J2 come to Scandinavia. Several possibilities again:
1) E-V13 and/or J2 came during the Neolithic and were pushed inland by Bronze Age invaders from the south.
2) All Neolithic lineages were wiped out, in which case E-V13 an J2 came during the Bronze Age and/or Iron Age. Considering that E-V13 and J2 are found in parts of Norway and Sweden where R1b is the lowest, they could have come during the Corded Ware period after being assimilated by R1a people during the advance through Poland and Germany before reaching Scandinavia.
3) E-V13 and J2 are medieval or post-medieval lineages of German, British, French or other European origin.
Haplogroup Q is found mostly in Gotland and in Götaland in Sweden, where it both makes up 4% of the male lineages. It is frequency decreases with the distance from Götaland and falls to a mere 1% in Denmark and Norway. All Scandinavian Q appears to be Q1a3(a), the same as the one found in Iron Age Hunnic sites.
In my opinion Q1a3 came to southern Sweden with the Huns. Gotland and Götaland is the presumed homeland of the ancient Goths. Some Goths migrated to Poland and Ukraine, while others stayed in Sweden. The Huns conquered the Goths in the Pontic Steppe in the 4th century, forcing some of them to flee the Dnieper region and settled in the Eastern Roman Empire (Balkans). It would not be improbable that some Goths and Huns moved back to southern Sweden, either before invading the Roman Empire, or after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, displaced by the Slavic migrations to Central Europe. After all, even ancient people kept the nostalgia of their ancestral homeland and knew exactly where their ancestors a few hundreds years earlier came from.
Compared to the older data, the percentage of I1 and R1a have increased in Denmark, while R1b and Q have diminished. In Norway and Sweden I1 decreased while R1b increased. I2b (or I2a2 now) increased everywhere.
Apart from one J1 sample in western Norway and one T in Denmark, haplogroups J1 and T seem to be completely absent from Scandinavia.
I have noticed a few interesting new pattern in the distribution of some haplogroups. For a start, haplogroups E1b1b and J2 seem to be completely absent from the southern tips of both Norway and Sweden (as confirmed by the major papers by Dupuy et al. 2005, Karlsson et al. 2006 and FTDNA data). Both haplogroups are found in more central regions. Haplogroup E in Sweden and Norway appears to be exclusively E-V13 (also mostly in Denmark although at least one E-M123 was found).
The almost reverse pattern can be observed for haplogroup G2a, which is is found in southern Sweden and west coast of Norway (roughly between Stavanger and Ålesund). In Scandinavia G2a seems to be exclusively the Indo-European G2a3b1, which I have linked to the diffusion of R1b since the Bronze Age. Those who tested for deep clades were L42+ (G2a3b1a2a). The other G2a subclades linked to the Neolithic farmers have not been found in Scandinavia. This can mean two things:
1) the Neolithic farmers, such as those identified by Skoglund et al. 2012 and who were autosomally West Asian, did not belong to G2a like in other Neolithic sites in Europe, but probably more to E-V13.
2) those Neolithic farmers did belong to G2a, but were wiped out by Bronze Age invaders.
It is easy to see how G2ab1a came alongside R1b as it is found mostly where R1b peaks in Scandinavia. The question is how and when did E-V13 and J2 come to Scandinavia. Several possibilities again:
1) E-V13 and/or J2 came during the Neolithic and were pushed inland by Bronze Age invaders from the south.
2) All Neolithic lineages were wiped out, in which case E-V13 an J2 came during the Bronze Age and/or Iron Age. Considering that E-V13 and J2 are found in parts of Norway and Sweden where R1b is the lowest, they could have come during the Corded Ware period after being assimilated by R1a people during the advance through Poland and Germany before reaching Scandinavia.
3) E-V13 and J2 are medieval or post-medieval lineages of German, British, French or other European origin.
Haplogroup Q is found mostly in Gotland and in Götaland in Sweden, where it both makes up 4% of the male lineages. It is frequency decreases with the distance from Götaland and falls to a mere 1% in Denmark and Norway. All Scandinavian Q appears to be Q1a3(a), the same as the one found in Iron Age Hunnic sites.
In my opinion Q1a3 came to southern Sweden with the Huns. Gotland and Götaland is the presumed homeland of the ancient Goths. Some Goths migrated to Poland and Ukraine, while others stayed in Sweden. The Huns conquered the Goths in the Pontic Steppe in the 4th century, forcing some of them to flee the Dnieper region and settled in the Eastern Roman Empire (Balkans). It would not be improbable that some Goths and Huns moved back to southern Sweden, either before invading the Roman Empire, or after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, displaced by the Slavic migrations to Central Europe. After all, even ancient people kept the nostalgia of their ancestral homeland and knew exactly where their ancestors a few hundreds years earlier came from.
