haplogroups

Here is the new map of mt-haplogroup I. It's impossible to attribute an ethnic origin to the whole of haplogroup I as it is divided in 6 main branches and many subclades, which have a very different geographic distribution. Subclades - I1a is found in Central and Eastern Europe, in the...

Here is the distribution map of the rarest of the nine subclades of haplogroup U in Europe and the Middle East. The origins of U are still very uncertain. Almost all European U2 fits into the U2e subclade, with only a small minority of U2d. All the other subclades are usually found in South...

Let's continue the series of mtDNA maps. Here comes U3, a haplogroup with strong Near Eastern affinities. U3 was was almost certainly propagated by some (Levantine ?) Neolithic farmers in Europe, especially haplogroups E1b1b, J1(xP58) and T. U3 reflects partially the Southwest Asian admixture...

Here is another mtDNA map. Haplogroup U4 in particularly common in Balto-Slavic and to a lower extent also in other Y-DNA R1a populations (including Turkic and Altaic). The highest percentages of U4 are observed among the Chuvash (16.4%) and Bashkirs (14.8%) of the Volga-Ural region, who have...

After the map of U5 here comes the other major maternal lineage of the Saami, the Basques and the Cantabrians: haplogroup V (including HV0, aka pre-V). V is also well represented among the Berbers from the Maghreb and Libya. HV0 may actually have originated in Northwest Africa during the...

Haplogroup U5 was the most common maternal lineage among European hunter-gatherers, not just during the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, but until much later in North and Northeast Europe, notably with the Sami people. U5 is absent from Southwest Asia and very low in most of the Middle East, where...

I have revised all the mtDNA frequencies and added 20 new populations. This now permits me to create mtDNA maps. Ideally I would need more detailed regional data for central and southern Spain, all Germany, Ukraine and European Russia (except the Caucasus, which is well covered). I have got...

A new study by Larmuseau et al. (2013) from Leuven University in Belgium (the same team behind the Brabant Y-DNA Project) tested the Y-DNA of three living members of the House of Bourbon, one descending from Louis XIII of France and two from Philip V of Spain (himself a grandson of Louis XIV)...

The Brabant DNA Project, with 1000+ members from all Belgium and a few from bordering areas (especially North Brabant in the Netherlands), has re-tested the Y-DNA of all R1b members for the following subclades. - Under U106: Z18, Z381, L48, and U198 - Under P312: L21/M529 and Z195/Z196 - Under...

The human Y chromosome contains only 86 genes, compared to 20,000 genes on the 45 other chromosomes. While most mutations defining Y-DNA haplogroups lie in non-coding regions of the Y chromosome, a few other take place in actual genes. One of the most important among these genes is SRY...

After E-V13 it was only natural that I should follow with the map of J2b, the other major South Balkanic lineage with Neolithic ties. The distribution is actually quite similar to E-V13, apart from a lower incidence in Slavic countries, but that may just be because E-V13 is found at a ratio of...

To complete the series of main E1b1b subclades after E-V13 and E-M81, here is the map of E-M123, the most Middle Eastern of the three clades. I admit that I am a bit at a loss regarding its origin in Europe. M123 doesn't appear to be related to Neolithic cultures in the Balkans, which are...

After E-M81, here is the map of the E-V13 subclade. The distribution of the two haplogroups don't match at all, except in Iberia. E-V13 is clearly linked to the Thessalian Neolithic and its offshoots, such as the Linear Pottery (LBK) culture. It was also part of the Cardium Pottery Culture, as...

A lot of people had been asking for it. Here it is. I have also updated the whole page about haplogroup E1b1b in the last 3 days. Compare it with the map of autosomal African admixture. The resemblance is striking, especially in Iberia and Italy. UPDATE : I believe that E-M81 reached...

I have just updated the Y-DNA frequencies for Denmark, Sweden and Norway. The sample sizes are now respectively 613, 1323 and 2826, including the FTDNA projects for each country. I didn't use the data from the Scandinavian DNA Project and the Viking DNA Project as I didn't feel like checking for...

I am currently revising the Y-DNA frequencies in Eastern Europe. The current data for Macedonia includes the following papers: Pericic 2005, Bosch 2006, Noveski 2009 and Trivodalieva 2010. I have found one more study by Spiroski et al. (2005), which tested 150 samples. Unfortunately they only...

The Huns, known as the Khün, Hunnu, or Xiongnu in East Asia, migrated from the Altai to the Volga region in the 1st century CE, then invaded eastern and central Europe in the 4th century, establishing the Hunnic Empire (c. 370-469 CE). There has been an impressive number of studies...

Eupedia is a website about Europe and so far I have limited the distribution maps of haplogroups to Europe and its periphery. But I thought it would be interesting to see the global distribution, especially in Asia since it is linked to the propagation of Indo-European people and languages. It...

Isn't there some genetic research of the Montenegrin population? If there is, couldn't the adminstrator write those down and include them on the list of the Y-DNA haplogroups in "Distribution of European Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups by country in percentage"?

The R1b-U106 family tree is growing in complexity. The newest lineages at the bottom-right of the tree (under Z7 and Z319) have a TMRCA of barely 1500 years, which means that they roughly date from the time of the Anglo-Saxon migrations or possibly later. Obviously the most developed branches of...