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Mitotree: A New Era for Human Mitochondrial Phylogeny Human mitochondrial DNA has long been used to reconstruct maternal ancestry, population history, migration patterns, and evolutionary relationships. For decades, PhyloTree served as the main reference framework for mitochondrial...

This paper examines one of the central questions of human history: what determined migration before states, borders, and modern economies existed? The paper argues that prehistoric migration was shaped primarily by ecology. People moved toward environments where their existing knowledge of...

This paper presents some ideas, already known for years, about how genetic variants associated with adult lactose tolerance are distributed across Europe, the Near East, and North Africa, and how these distributions relate to Y-chromosome haplogroups and ancient ancestry components. The study...

I am a staunch pro-European, a supporter of a united Europe, perhaps even as an adherent of a European nationalism that I don't see as opposed to a more restricted nationalism defined by a single nation, so I think we should all know our shared history. The Middle Ages were not the Dark Ages as...

The European automotive industry is entering a critical phase shaped by the transition to electric vehicles and the rapid rise of China as a global industrial and technological competitor. What was once a stable and dominant sector, deeply embedded in the economic, social, and cultural fabric of...

This paper by David Anthony, Martin Trautmann, and Volker Heyd, is a major rebuttal to recent genetic studies (1,2,3,4) that argued horse domestication and horseback riding only became historically significant after ~2200–2100 BCE, meaning that the Yamnaya migrations were not carried out on...

Many people today wonder what is happening in the United States, how a wave of intolerance, resentment, and national self-assertion seems to have taken hold of both politics and public life. I often hear the phrase: “this is not the America I used to know.” But perhaps that assumption, that...

This paper analyses more than a thousand ancient genomes from Britain to understand how migration, social structure, and natural selection shaped the population between the Iron Age and the medieval period. It finds that during Roman rule there were major cultural and political changes, but...

I always wondered if Neanderthals had language capacity. They had vocal tracts not significantly different to our own, so from an anatomical perspective, they were as capable as us at communicating through speech. They made tools and art, signals of symbolic thought, of abstraction and planning...

Abstract The Roman province of Dacia, located north of the Danube frontier, represented a key zone of cultural and demographic interaction during the Imperial period. However, the biological impact of Roman colonization in this region has not been characterized using genomic data. Here, we...

This paper investigates how natural selection has shaped human genetic variation over the last ~18,000 years by analysing a very large dataset of ancient genomes. The authors compile and analyse genetic data from 15,836 individuals, including more than 10,000 newly sequenced ancient samples...

SUMMARY The Norman Conquest of 1066 CE reshaped the political and cultural landscape of England, yet its demographic consequences remain poorly understood, particularly outside elite and urban contexts where historical evidence is concentrated. Here, we investigate the population history of a...

Abstract The Piasts were one of the royal dynasties that shaped the political structure of medieval Europe in the 10th century CE. Despite their importance, as the founders and rulers of the early Polish kingdom, little is known about Piast origin, the conditions of Poland’s transformation into...

An interesting paper on how to infer local ancestry through the use of an optimised version of ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs). This work addresses a central challenge in genetics: determining which parts of modern human DNA come from different ancient populations. As the admixture events...

Abstract Middle Eastern and North African populations remain underrepresented in genomic databases, comprising less than 1% of genome-wide association study participants despite representing approximately 6% of the global population. Here we present the Egypt Genome Project (EGP1K), in which we...

Abstract A method utilizing hydrogel biological microchips was developed to genotype markers of human Y-chromosome haplogroups. With the method, 14 core haplogroups and their 78 subclades were determined, including (subclade markers are in parentheses) B-M60, C-M130 (F1906, Z18160, F6370, Y4630...

Abstract At the transition between the third and the fourth millennium BC, there is evidence for a population decline concurrent with the end of megalith building across continental northwestern Europe. In Scandinavia this ‘Neolithic decline’ is followed by a massive population turnover, as...

There is a diffuse hidden ideological framework underpinning the Trump administration. The ideological chaos of his administration is influenced by a network of extremists pushing anti-democratic, elitist philosophies that reject equality and democracy as impediments to progress. The body of...

Highlights • San Marcial de Rubicón represents the first European city of the Atlantic expansion during the Age of Exploration. • San Marcial de Rubicón individuals to two adult males and two females that lived in the 15th century. • Males have European ancestry that can be linked...

Abstract Ibiza, an island in present-day Spain, was conquered in 902 CE by the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. The island remained under Islamic rule until 1235. Here, we analyse the genetic and metagenomic profiles of 13 individuals from an Islamic cemetery in Ibiza, dated to 950–1150 CE...