Recent paper about sub-Saharan mitochondrial haplogroups outside Africa seems to confirm the arrival of most of them into Iberia in Early Holocene period across the Straight of Gibraltar (Eupedia does not allow me to post links): "Phylogeography of Sub-Saharan Mitochondrial Lineages Outside Africa Highlights the Roles of the Holocene Climate Changes and the Atlantic Slave Trade".
Some extracts from the article:
"The migration scans indicate two main peaks of migration, one in the early Holocene around the Holocene Climate Optimum (~7.4 ka–10 ka ), and another in the present or close to present (~0 ka). We see an absence of movements carrying sub-Saharan lineages between those periods. As expected, for North and South America, we see only recent episodes of gene flow. "
"For Europe, our founder analyses suggest that there are more African mtDNA lineages related to the prehistoric than the historical period (~60:40). Note, however, that most of the lineages here considered in the European analysis are from Iberia"
"the higher percentage of sub-Saharan lineages arriving in Europe during this period, mostly from West Africa (63%) is likely from migrants that first crossed the Sahel belt into North Africa and moved from there into Europe via the Strait of Gibraltar"
"Previous inferences regarding the presence of sub-Saharan mitogenomes in Europe have highlighted movements from North Africa, following the Ice Age and with the onset of the Holocene in Africa ~8–9 kya [24 ], including gene flow specifically to Iberia [50]"
