celtic (modern) languages: a rough approach to relatively late evolutions (phonetics)

[MOESAN]

So
Some late or very late phonetical phonological evolutions in brittonic and gaelic languages:


it is a very rough and very short approach to the subject, not a scholar's work – the aim is to provide a first step to people that cannot get books on the subject or do not need to go to deeply in the case – some rules don't apply to too recent loan words (as lat-words in °st-) - just a taste for eastern Europe people as Albanians or Southern Slavs trying to find out some links between celtic and other languages: to avoid some mistakes too...


*: I-E stage / °: more recent celtic stage
*k^w- >> G: c- [k] B: p- [p] ciallwyll/po(u)ell – cruimhryf/preñv
>> - k^w >> mac:mab/mab
°s- >> G: s- [[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]ʃ[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]] B: h- [h] sean:hen – sith:hedd/(hez) – salann:halen/halen[/FONT]
B: hw- >> chw [[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]γw][/FONT] searbh:chwerw/c'hwerw
°sr- >> G: sr- [sr][str] B: ffr-/fr- [fr] sruth:ffrwd/froud – sr[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]ò[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]n:ffron/fronn[/FONT]
°v-/w- >> G: f- [f] B: gw- [gw] feadhan:gwyddyn/gwezenn – fior:gwir/gwir




°kn- G: cn- [kr~] B: cn- [kr][kr~] + [k°n]




°-pt >> G: -cht [[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]χ[/FONT]t] B: -ith/-izh [j[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]θ][z]¤[χ] seacht:seyth/seizh/*seih[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-kt >> G: -cht [χt] B: -ith/izh [jθ][z]¤[χ] lucht:llwyth/leizh/*leih – nocht:noeth/noazh/*noéh[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-kk G: -c [k]*[χk] B: -ch [χ] muc:moch/moc'h[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-tt >> G: -t [t] B: -th [θ][z]¤[χ] cat:cath/kazh/*kah[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-pp >> G: -p [p] B: -ff/-f [f] ceap:cyff/kef – capall:ceffyll/kefell(eg)[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-rp >> G: -rp[rp] B: -rf [rf] corp:corff/korf - [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-rt >> G: -rt [rt] B: -rth [rθ][rz]¤[rχ] neart:nerth/nerzh(*nerh) - [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-rk >> G: -rc [rk] B: -rch [rχ] seirc:serch/serc'h – marc:march/marc'h – torc:twrch/tourc'h[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-rb >> G: -rbh [rv] B: -rv [rv] >> [rw] garbh:garw – marbh:marw/marw[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-rd >> G: -rd [rd] B: -rdh [rđ]>> [rz]¤[rγ] gàradh:gardd - [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-rg >> G: -rg (?) B: -rgh [rγ] >> [ri][ra][rγ] [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-lg G: -lg [lg] B: -rgh [rγ] >> [ri][ra][rγ] sealg:hela (<helgh) – bolg:bola/boly/bolc'h (cf °budget << french bouget << bolget)[/FONT]


[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-t G: -th [h][-] B: -d [d] math:mad – leathan:llydan/ledan - brathair:brodyr/breudeur[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-t G: -dh [-][h] cogadh:kad – gradh:/grad – [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-d G: -dh [-][h] B: -dh [đ] >> [z] cridhe:credd/kreis(z) – reidh:rhydd fiadh:gwydd/gouez[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-k G: -ch [χ] B: -g [g] cilleach:ceiliog/kilhog – droch:drwg/droug[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-g G: -ch [χ] B: -g [g] clach:clog/clegyr/kleger[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-p G: -bh [v] B: -v [v] lobhar:llwfr/lovr [/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°-b G: -bh [v][w] B: -f [v] + -w [w] treibh:tref/trev – tiubh:tyw/tew –[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif] dobhar:dwfr/dour[/FONT]



[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]vowels (less knowledge for gaelic!)[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°ē G: ea [e[/FONT][SUB][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]a[/FONT][/SUB][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]], ia B: oe/oa [oe][oa][wa][we] pianoen/poan -[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]°ē? G: ia [i[/FONT][SUB][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]a[/FONT][/SUB][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]] B: ŵy/oue [ui][ue] cliath:clwyd/kloued – ciallwyll/pouell - [/FONT]


[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]&: I recall here the major and more ancient mutation leading from PIE to celtic languages: the lost of *P-, as in:[/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman, serif]G [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]ucht[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif] (cf- pect- = [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]bossom[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]) - G [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]athar[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif] (cf pater, father, vader) – G [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]làn[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif], B [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]llawn/leun/lan[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif] (cf- plen-, full, poln-) - G [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]làr[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif], B [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]llawr/leur[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif] (cf- floor, vloer) – G [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]leathan[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif], B [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]llydan/ledan[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif] (cf- platan-, flat) – N [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]llan/lann[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif] ( >> lande, land cf- plaine/plan) – G [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]roimh[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif] (cf- prime/primo <> [/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]first[/FONT][FONT=Times New Roman, serif]) – etc...[/FONT]

 

[MOESAN]

sorry: a wizard transformed some of my P letters into a awful little throll very impolite: some mark of humour of the system???
could that be corrected?
have a good afternoon, here weather is very nice - enderwezh mad deoc'h, amañ ema an amser kaer-meurbed

 

[MOESAN]

for *CN-
G cnoc [kro~k] B knec'h >> krec'h [kreX] (germ-dutch knokke) : hill, cliff; high, archaïc breton kenec'h [keneX]
G cno [kro] B cnau [knaI], kraoñ [krao~] dialect- kanaou [kënëù][kanaw]