Some of this is me being sloppy with labeling.
.
I probably shouldn't use "north sea" and "atlantic coast" as they are too close to the names of actual population components. I use those labels to indicate *direction of flow* so the *flow* from the north includes "north sea", "baltic" and "eastern euro" components.
Well the east coast of Scotland and the lowlands were settled by Saxons and the Scots language is a Saxon dialect etc with Gaels in the west and Norse in the north but that's a quibble to my main point which is that despite the cultural differences I think the various waves of the northern flow (northern Celtic, Saxons, Vikings etc) were genetically similar.
Yes, south and central Wales have a lot more English mixture. North wales is the interesting anomaly. My theory is if there was a specifically north_wales component included in the admixture runs they would show that different parts of the Isles can be modeled as varying proportions of two components: a north_wales component representing the HG and Atlantic Megalith people and a second component representing the various waves that came from the direction of the north sea and if correct the sequence of the proportions of the two components would roughly be:
north Wales
south Wales
most of England
east coast of England
Scotland
Ireland
.
"Belgae were not Germans"
I'm sloppy with labeling. What I mean is a maritime-centric region comprising modern Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Scandinavia and the Baltic which over time pushed west in numerous coastal mediated waves (possibly being pushed from the east and thus including an eastern euro component that increased over time).
So not Germans but people who Romans would think *looked like* Germans.
Britain/Ireland, Celts and Germanics
concerning labellings or namings :when I speak about 'north-sea' (Eurogenes) I speak about people ofNorth (currently) but commoner among Germanics (and partly amongCelts), I suppose bearing so called 'nordic' types, so distinct insome part from the 'baltic' component where ancient HuntGaths seem tome heavier, as all the 'brünn' partly derived people, 'borreby B'and 'east-baltic' types on the physical side – the Eurogenes'east-euro' seems to me distinct enough from 'baltic' and less« autochtonous » in North with some southeasterncomponent (but 'nordic' for me is not more autochtonous, maybe comefrom Center-West Eurasia, for the most with
certain steppicIndo-Europeans, just a bet) -
to come back to Scotland and England,yes I say England a sa whole is more « northern »likephysically than Scotland as a whole -
we agree concerning heterogeneity ofbritish populations according to places – but the Scotland more« northern »like regions of North and North-West andIslands owe more to Scandinavians Germanics than to continental ones– the same for Isle of Man and some parts of Western England (withless imput) - the most of England, even East, and southeasternScotland owe more to continental Germanics – northeastern Scotland(NE Grampians) and Yorks are between -
Lowlands, East and Central, are veryless « saxon » that believed and said : the ancientinhabitants of Strathclyde (Britons+Gaels+ pre-Celts) and Highlanders(more Gaels) emigrated heavily into the industrial areas of Scotland(physical aspect and personal names tell it) and presently they arenot more 'northern' than « English » of the Black CountryWest the Midlands or people of Devon, Dorset... Argyle shows acurious mix of more pre-Celts and Celts (often dark haired) but witha strong autosomal 'baltic' component for one of the Isles due toexclusive Viking inheritage. But we cannot exclude previousintrogression from North-East in Britain ?
Celts surely send a part of the'northsea component' in very less proportions – whatever the remoteorigin of Celts, they spent as distinct population form the commonwestern indo-european group a lot of time in Baviera, France,Belgium, Southern Netherlands, maybe too Switzerland, Austria, S-WBohemia – they had contacts with precedant populations very lessnorthern, and very variated I think, even if they did not miximmediatly nor completely – they surely took the Danau way toprogress westwards as the Baltic shores were yet populated I think(Celts were part of a tumuli bearer populations, I think, distinctfrom the Corded people) – at Hallstatt period it seems they were« boosted » by a new elite, perhaps Illyrians but whoknows ?, of brutal type surely parlty akin to the 'baltic'component, type which counted until 25% of the skeletons, physicallyeasily distinguished from the ordinary Celtic elite mix – but theynever became an important component of the overall Celts and theCelts put in movement occidental tribes of today Switzerland andEastern France of precedent populations, without speak of theircontacts with the Atlantic populations of other stocks -
under the names 'Belgae' and 'Germans'Caesar and others ancients put a lot of tribes of N-E Gaul,W-Germany and Belgium: some of their « Germanic » tribeswere in fact Celtic ones, even if some of the « Belgian »ones were maybe truly germanic in the cultural sense – Belgianlanguage is unknown to us for I know but they wore for the mostCeltic individual names ; it recall me the Cimbers and Teutonsand the question of their appartenance : physically the meantypes of most of Belgae was the same as other Celts (an elite atleast), Gauls or not, and the type of Iron Men climbed up untilDenmark from Danau or Bohemia was close enough too (in more « pure »)to them, distinct from the Hannover Germanics skeletons and from thefirst Anglo-Saxons ones... and Belgae are supposed being come fromW-Bohemia or N-Baviera about the Iron Age-
some Y-R1b-U152 are found amongnorthern Jutland Danes (Himmerland : hazard?) and southernNorwegians (we know tumuli people colonized S-Scandinavia at Bronze,by sea but also by land leaving their tumuli line) – the sameHaploGr was surely important among La Tène Celts and shows up amongtoday Luxemburg people, Switzerland (and Italy but there it is morecomplicated, with L20 maybe more 'italic') – this R-U152 is theheavier among Walloons, and diminishes when going farther North inthe Netherlands - as R-U106 augments - country where passed theancient frontieer between Belgae and true Germanics (not the« Germani » of the ancients) ; by the way, themiddle of the Netherlands seem having been a frontieer for a longtime concerning Hgs and Hts of Y-R1b, R-U196 being in North at thistime, before Franks and company – today Walloonia is badly knownfor DNA helas ! But I bet they were at first strongly Y-R-U152and P310 and derived Hgs, before the Franks invasion -
what is true is that R-U152 is strongenough in East and South-East England compared to others regions ofUK (and in E-Scotland too, in an ancient Pictitsh region) : asBelgae took foot in E-England it is maybe not stupid to think inthem, even if, by humour of History, some Vikings (ex-Celts?) ofDenmark of even before them some Jutes could have send a bit ofY-R-U152 too...
concerning Wales, 2 parts it a bitsimple :
as a whole the western parts were themore pre-Celtic and Celtic (it is to say : not only an'Hunt-Gath' and a 'megalithic' - let's say « atlantic » -component but too a continental component where 'north-sea' werepresent too -
the North-Eeast of Wales as beenanglicized in the past century (touristical colonization), even morethan the southern industrial area of Wales, where nevertheless theprevious Welsh population is still present (except in Cardiff) mixedwith English workers but other « celtic » workers too(Irish, Scottish) – but the « germanic » element inCentral-East Wales is old, visible, and could explain the already oldbackward move of the welsh language there, in a poorly attractiveregion for business, and that when welsh was still spoken by peoplein industrial Glamorgan and in Oswestry, over the border – factsbecome useful when they are picked everywhere and numerous enough -
to conclude, Celts surely were not thebetter example for fully northern population taking a foot in Britain– less than Germanics, continental of not – but what is'northern' : 'nordic' types came maybe from East (and they were heavy among germanics!)– in someruns they are close to 'west-asian' and not too far from'south-west-asian', so surprising it could be ! - and Hunt-Gathscame from all over Europe had more than an origin, the same for themost (WHG : something common to 'north-atlantic' and 'baltic')but with accretions of 'ANE' (more present in the 'baltic'labelling?) - all the way I avow these autosomals components are justproxi's we play with.