A genetic history of continuity and mobility in the Iron Age central Mediterranean

Omino

Omino

Regular member
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Location
Greece
Ethnic group
Greek
Y-DNA haplogroup
J2a
The Iron Age was a dynamic period in central Mediterranean history, with the expansion of Greek and Phoenician colonies and the growth of Carthage into the dominant maritime power of the Mediterranean. These events were facilitated by the ease of long-distance travel following major advances in seafaring. We know from the archaeological record that trade goods and materials were moving across great distances in unprecedented quantities, but it is unclear how these patterns correlate with human mobility. Here, to investigate population mobility and interactions directly, we sequenced the genomes of 30 ancient individuals from coastal cities around the central Mediterranean, in Tunisia, Sardinia and central Italy. We observe a meaningful contribution of autochthonous populations, as well as highly heterogeneous ancestry including many individuals with non-local ancestries from other parts of the Mediterranean region. These results highlight both the role of local populations and the extreme interconnectedness of populations in the Iron Age Mediterranean. By studying these trans-Mediterranean neighbours together, we explore the complex interplay between local continuity and mobility that shaped the Iron Age societies of the central Mediterranean

(New results)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02143-4
 
[TABLE="width: 1626"]
[TR]
[TD="class: x21, width: 80"]Individual ID[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 80"]Country[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 158"]Population[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, width: 200"]locality[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 234"]Date Range[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 80"]Latitude[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 80"]Longitude[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 120"]Biological Sex[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 166"]Mitochondrial haplogrou[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 110"]Y-haplogroup[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 163"]Y-chr haplogroup SNP[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 148"]Genome-wide Covera[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 80"]Snps covere[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 145"]UDG Treatment[/TD]
[TD="class: x23, width: 164"]Tomb ID[/TD]
[TD="class: x21, width: 160, colspan: 2"]Sequencing strategy[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10337.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]150.5 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R0a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R2a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-L266[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.11159[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]764700[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6176/2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10338.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]759 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J1c3[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R1b1a2a1a2b[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-U152[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.17425[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]789280[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6176/4[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10339.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]160 calBCE - 49 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H1e[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R1b1a2a1a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-P311[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.66256[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]552990[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6176/5[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10340.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]759 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]X2d1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R1b1a2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-M269[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.06056[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]746474[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6176 A2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10341.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]160 calBCE - 49 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H2a2a1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J1a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J-CTS5368[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.06404[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]746922[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6176 A3[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10342.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]157.5 calBCE - 44.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]K1a4g[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R1b1a2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-M269[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.273[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]821308[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6176 F[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10343.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]759 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H4a1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.19948[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]798322[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6176 G[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10344.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]759 calBCE - 538 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J1c3[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R1b1a2a1a2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-P312[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.611106[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]521818[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]6242[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10359.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]366.5 calBCE - 200.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J1c3[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.2945[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]797155[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]Tarquinia Monterozzi, 61[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10361.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]759 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]HV0+195[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R1b1a2a1a2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-P312[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.92751[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]970460[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]Tarquinia Monterozzi, 61[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R10363.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]389 calBCE - 207 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.2542[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.7576[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]T2b+150[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]G2a2b2a1a1b1a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]G-CTS2100[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.19997[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]796985[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]Tarquinia Ripagretta, 61[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11102.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Bronze Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]1923 calBCE - 1770 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.0263[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.9483[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]U5b2b[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.742777[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]600397[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]Ind. B, Crepaccio II[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11104.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Bronze Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]1923 calBCE - 1614.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.0263[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.9483[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H1c[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]I2a1a1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]I-M26[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.25803[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]816234[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]Ind. D, Crepaccio II[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11105.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Bronze Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]1734.5 calBCE - 1614.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.0263[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.9483[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H1c[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.26082[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]816704[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]Ind. E, Crepaccio II[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11107.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Central Italy Bronze Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]1923 calBCE - 1614.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]42.0263[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.9483[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]X2b+226[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.709928[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]582030[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]33, Crepaccio II[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11746.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]733 calBCE - 411.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]T2b[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R1b[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]R-M343[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.31061[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]829717[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 1/97 Ind. D[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11749.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]761 calBCE - 405.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H2a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.953878[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]693285[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 1/10[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11751.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]728.5 calBCE - 409.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H7a1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J2b2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J-M241[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.3619[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]845941[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 1/9[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11753.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]656 calBCE - 405.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H1ag[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J2b[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J-M12[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.12923[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]769057[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 2/00 Cranio 4B[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11755.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]761 calBCE - 405.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]M1a1b1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.759005[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]600644[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 2/05 Cranio 2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11759.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]761 calBCE - 540.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]U6a6b[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.948381[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]694944[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 2/06 Ind. A[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11776.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]761 calBCE - 405.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]HV0+195[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.876806[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]664439[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 4/3[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11778.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]761 calBCE - 405.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]L3e2b[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.818563[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]627527[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 4/87 Ind. B[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11780.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]748 calBCE - 414.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.51558[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]892053[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 4/87 Ind. D[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11790.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]761 calBCE - 405.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]HV13a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.93022[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]692022[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 15/C2 Ind. A[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11791.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]742 calBCE - 411 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]I5[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.951482[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]695040[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 15/C[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11793.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Tunisia[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Tunisia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]761 calBCE - 405.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]36.9615[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]11.0804[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H74[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J2a1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]J-L26[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.07236[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]746073[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x23"]Tomb 15/C2 Ind. E[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11828.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Sardinia Bronze Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Sant'Imbenia[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]1115 calBCE - 984.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]40.5938[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]8.2045[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]U5b3a2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]I2a1a1a1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]I-L160[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.944593[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]699022[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]S. Imbenia_7489/T1[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11829.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Sardinia Bronze/Iron Ag[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Sant'Imbenia[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]1004.5 calBCE - 909.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]40.5938[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]8.2045[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]FEMALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]HV0a[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]--[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]0.9887[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]715139[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]S. Imbenia_7489/T2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="class: x22"]R11835.SG[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]Italy[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Sardinia Iron Age[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Sant'Imbenia[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]800.5 calBCE - 774.5 calBCE[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]40.5938[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]8.2045[/TD]
[TD="class: x22"]MALE[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]K1a2[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H3[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]H-Z5857[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]1.08048[/TD]
[TD="class: x22, align: right"]753188[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]Partial (30 minutes)[/TD]
[TD="class: x24"]S. Imbenia_7494/T3[/TD]
[TD="class: x21"]WGS[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
 
This just shows that knowledge in uniparental analysis should absolutely be mandatory in the field of population genetics. Nor should arguing with macrohaplogroups to lump together uniparentals that have the last common ancestor in the Paleolithic be acceptable. Especially in 2023.
Some of the statements especially regarding the European haplogroups in cosmopolitan Kerkouane are clear falsehoods. J2b-L283 has nothing to do with Phoenicians and everything with Europe especially the Western Balkans and Italy. ID 11746 R1b-V88>PF6287 did not expand with the Bell Beakers into Kerkouane, and is definitely not responsible for the dispersal of recent steppe auDNA. There is no discrepancy between the paternal lineages and autosomal DNA in that port site as three out of 4 males carry recent European Y DNA, namely:

ID R11751 ~569 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240>PH1602
ID R11753 ~530 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240
ID R11793 ~583 calBCE J2a-Y14434>Z35779

Samples carrying the J2b-L283 haplogroup and likewise being in the nonlocal cluster is no coincidence. Also, totally fading out the Western Balkans when addressing transadriatic seafaring throughout the Bronze to Iron Age is really ignorant.
It is also senseless given the above data to make a Y DNA chart of a North African site with 4 samples out of which three have recent paternal and autosomal European ancestry and claim it is somehow representative of the local North African groups.

"...,we did not detect individuals with large amounts of Levantine ancestry at Kerkouane."
And neither Levatine Y DNA dear Moots et al.

So much for the supposedly Punic paternal expansion in Southern Europe, turns out we are just seeing a bunch of European mercenaries in these sites.

Closest geographic J2b-L283 samples to Kerkouane are found in Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy and its hg. branch in Dalmatia whereas closest hg. branch to J2a-Y14434>Z35779 also regarding geographic proximity has been found in Bronze Age Chania, Crete and Kyklades Greece.


Jovialis said:
Distance to: Tunisia_Punic:R11776
3.12713927 GRC_Mycenaean_Palace_of_Nestor_BA_father.or.son.I13518:I13506_d
3.33694471 GRC_Mycenaean_Kastrouli_BA:I13428
4.23210350 Himera_480_BC_Battle_Med:I7218


Distance to: Tunisia_Punic:R11753
2.48163253 BGR_ChL:I2428
5.02369386 Himera_409_BC_Battle_Med:I7223
6.16958670 Armenoi_Crete:I9123:Lazaridis_2017


Distance to: Tunisia_Punic:R11749
3.81869088 Armenoi_Crete:I9123:Lazaridis_2017
5.50995463 I8204:Olalde_2019
5.73688069 I8475:Olalde_2019


These Punics seem pretty Greek.

But not only just Greek, higher steppe Greek like Armenoi_Crete.
Click to expand...

cetina-core-clear.png
 
I have reworked the data table that Valerius posted above to make it easier to read without having to scroll left and right. I deleted the less interesting columns, removed the ridiculous half years in the dating (it's not as if carbon dating was so accurate as half a year mattered), shortened the population name and sorted the table by historical period. As a visual thinker, I also couldn't help myself colouring the Y-haplogroups. :embarassed:

[TABLE="class: outer_border, width: 900"]
[TR]
[TD]Sample ID[/TD]
[TD]Population[/TD]
[TD]Locality[/TD]
[TD]Date Range[/TD]
[TD]mtDNA[/TD]
[TD]Y-DNA[/TD]
[TD]Y SNP[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11102[/TD]
[TD]BA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD]1923 - 1770 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]U5b2b[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11104[/TD]
[TD]BA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD]1923 - 1614 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H1c[/TD]
[TD]I2a1a1[/TD]
[TD]I-M26[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11105[/TD]
[TD]BA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD]1734.5 - 1614 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H1c[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11107[/TD]
[TD]BA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Pian Sultano[/TD]
[TD]1923 - 1614 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]X2b+226[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11828[/TD]
[TD]BA Sardinia[/TD]
[TD]Sant'Imbenia[/TD]
[TD]1115 - 984 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]U5b3a2[/TD]
[TD]I2a1a1a1[/TD]
[TD]I-L160[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11829[/TD]
[TD]BA/IA Sardinia[/TD]
[TD]Sant'Imbenia[/TD]
[TD]1004 - 909 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]HV0a[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10337[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]150 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD]R0a[/TD]
[TD]R2a[/TD]
[TD]R-L266[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10338[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]759 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD]J1c3[/TD]
[TD]R1b1a2a1a2b[/TD]
[TD]R-U152[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10339[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]160 - 49 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H1e[/TD]
[TD]R1b1a2a1a[/TD]
[TD]R-P311[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10340[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]759 - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD]X2d1[/TD]
[TD]R1b1a2[/TD]
[TD]R-M269[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10341[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]160 - 49 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H2a2a1[/TD]
[TD]J1a[/TD]
[TD]J-CTS5368[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10342[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]157 - 45 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]K1a4g[/TD]
[TD]R1b1a2[/TD]
[TD]R-M269[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10343[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]759 calBCE - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD]H4a1[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10344[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]759 - 538 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]J1c3[/TD]
[TD]R1b1a2a1a2[/TD]
[TD]R-P312[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10359[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]366 - 200 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]J1c3[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10361[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]759 - 3 calCE[/TD]
[TD]HV0+195[/TD]
[TD]R1b1a2a1a2[/TD]
[TD]R-P312[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R10363[/TD]
[TD]IA Central Italy[/TD]
[TD]Tarquinia Monterozzi[/TD]
[TD]389 - 207 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]T2b+150[/TD]
[TD]G2a2b2a1a1b1a[/TD]
[TD]G-CTS2100[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11835[/TD]
[TD]IA Sardinia[/TD]
[TD]Sant'Imbenia[/TD]
[TD]800 - 774 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]K1a2[/TD]
[TD]H3[/TD]
[TD]H-Z5857[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11746[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]733 - 411 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]T2b[/TD]
[TD]R1b[/TD]
[TD]R-M343[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11749[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]761 - 405 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H2a[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11751[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]728 - 409 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H7a1[/TD]
[TD]J2b2[/TD]
[TD]J-M241[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11753[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]656 - 405 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H1ag[/TD]
[TD]J2b[/TD]
[TD]J-M12[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11755[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]761 - 405 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]M1a1b1[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11759[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]761 - 540 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]U6a6b[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11776[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]761 - 405 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]HV0+195[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11778[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]761 - 405 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]L3e2b[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11780[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]748 - 414 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H1[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11790[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]761 - 405 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]HV13a[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11791[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]742 - 411 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]I5[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[TD]--[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]R11793[/TD]
[TD]IA Tunisia[/TD]
[TD]Kerkouane[/TD]
[TD]761 - 405 calBCE[/TD]
[TD]H74[/TD]
[TD]J2a1[/TD]
[TD]J-L26[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
 
By the way, the preprint of this paper was already discussed at length here.
 
mount123 said:
Some of the statements especially regarding the European haplogroups in cosmopolitan Kerkouane are clear falsehoods. J2b-L283 has nothing to do with Phoenicians and everything with Europe especially the Western Balkans and Italy.
Click to expand...

Actually J2b expanded from the Near to Southeast Europe in the (Late) Neolithic and Chalcolithic. By the Bronze Age it was found both in the Levant and Balkans. It's also possible that it was already in North Africa since the Neolithic or Copper Age, as it was Levantine farmers that colonised the region.

It would be wrong to say that J2b is exclusively Phoenician, but it's not exclusively European either. As always top level haplogroups don't tell us much. We have to look at the deep clades to be able to determine an individual's more recent origin.
 
Francesco said:
Are there any significant new results?
Click to expand...

No, it is the same paper that has already been discussed in the past several times over the past few years, on which several threads have already been created.

In a nutshell, Steppe ancestry in Prehistoric Etruria is present as early as 1900-1600 B.C., the samples from Pian Sultano (formerly Pian Sodano, Tolfa area, modern-day Latium) archaeologically have some materials from Appeninic Culture according to the paper but not clear if all the samples can be attribuited to the Appenninc culture (Pian Sultano is a complex necropolis, frequented from the Early Bronze Age to the Iron Age, in historical Etruscan times, linked since Prehistory to the Etruscans). In any case the study, as was the case of the previous studies, associates the strong presence of R1b in central Italy during the Iron Age to the Bell Beaker culture. So an Etruscan-like profile already exists around 2000-1600 BC. Etruscans were predominantly R1b, particularly R1b P312, R1b P311, R1b U152-L2, R1b U152... and G2a (maybe predominantly G2a L497), and perhaps also I2a1a, a marker that decreseas (found also in the Remedello culture if memory serves me). And it is the discovery of hot water that the closer we get to the end of the Second Iron Age more and more foreigners appear in the graves. In the case of R10337 and R10341, which are clearly two Levantines, and it is misleading to attribute them as a population to IA Central Italy, they are dated rather late, between the end of the 2nd century B.C. and the end of the 1st century B.C., when the Tarquinia area had already entered the orbit of Rome for at least a century and the process of Romanization had already begun. So here again it is a very serious mistake to try to derive information about the Etruscans more generally, since their presence may not even be due to the contacts the Etruscans had with the eastern Mediterranean but to those of the Romans. Adding to these new 11 analyzed samples from Tarquinia, the 11 samples analyzed for Antonio 2019, which also include Latin samples and a Protovillanovan sample from Abruzzo, does not help to bring clarity but only adds confusion in my opinion to an already very confusing paper on its own. Fortunately, some of the paper's raving remarks about Herodotus' tales seem to have been deleted already in the second version of the preprint.

Kerkouane, Tunisia. It is such a cosmpolitan site that it seems absurd to me that any consideration can be made about the Punics, which themselves were a rather diverse population that had assimilated various foreigners, Iberians, Sardinians, and many more. Interesting that geneticists continue to find no evidence in Punic sites of DNA linked to Lebanon and the Levant. This confirms that Punic and Phoenician were not exactly the same thing. I agree with Mount123 that J2b-L283 has nothing to do originally with the Phoenicians or the Punics, given that its presence in the early Bronze Age in the northern Balkans remains the best documented. The case of some older clades, more similar to those found in Sardinia, remains unclear, but here again ancient DNA will help us clarify the picture. J2b and J2b-L283 are not the same thing, and to date no evidence has been provided that J2b is related to the Phoenician expansion. I remind everyone that delusional studies have been published on the Phoenicians in the past that tried to associate J2 with the Phoenicians without providing any evidence, an unproved hypothesis by Lebanese geneticist Pierre A. Zalloua that continues to influence studies in a negative way.

Sant’Imbenia, Sardinia. There are so few new ones tested that no consideration can really be made.

As I have commented in the past, the basic idea that every foreign person who died in a place may have contributed to the subsequent generations is very weak. But geneticists like it so much because it is a very simple, not to say simplistic, idea. Not to mention that late Neolithic Morocco is still being used in this article as a proxy for North African ancestry, when it was the sample that came from a study that showed counter-migration during the Neolithic from Iberia to North Africa and thus has perhaps too high EEF values, which could inflate the supposed North African ancestry in non-North African samples.

Another really significant flaw in this paper, which aims to demonstrate movements, is the huge difference in dating between the samples, ranging from the Bronze Age to the end of the Iron Age.
 
Maciamo said:
Actually J2b expanded from the Near to Southeast Europe in the (Late) Neolithic and Chalcolithic. By the Bronze Age it was found both in the Levant and Balkans. It's also possible that it was already in North Africa since the Neolithic or Copper Age, as it was Levantine farmers that colonised the region.

It would be wrong to say that J2b is exclusively Phoenician, but it's not exclusively European either. As always top level haplogroups don't tell us much. We have to look at the deep clades to be able to determine an individual's more recent origin.
Click to expand...

If I understood what he meant, mount123 was referring to J2b-L283 only which I don't think is the same thing as J2b. They just have different timelines and trajectories.

Among the samples from Tunisia, how many are just J2b and how many are J2b-L283? I ask because I don't know.
 
Pax Augusta said:
Kerkouane, Tunisia. It is such a cosmpolitan site that it seems absurd to me that any consideration can be made about the Punics, which themselves were a rather diverse population that had assimilated various foreigners, Iberians, Sardinians, and many more. Interesting that geneticists continue to find no evidence in Punic sites of DNA linked to Lebanon and the Levant. This confirms that Punic and Phoenician were not exactly the same thing. I agree with Mount123 that J2b-L283 has nothing to do originally with the Phoenicians or the Punics, given that its presence in the early Bronze Age in the northern Balkans remains the best documented. The case of some older clades, more similar to those found in Sardinia, remains unclear, but here again ancient DNA will help us clarify the picture. J2b and J2b-L283 are not the same thing, and to date no evidence has been provided that J2b is related to the Phoenician expansion. I remind everyone that delusional studies have been published on the Phoenicians in the past that tried to associate J2 with the Phoenicians without providing any evidencea, an unproven idea by Lebanese geneticist Pierre A. Zalloua that continues to influence studies in a negative way.
Click to expand...
Thank you @Pax Augusta for pointing that out, that is exactly what I meant with macrohaplogroup designations. Using such methodology is erronoeus and highly misleading.

I was not talking nor referring to other haplogroups under J2b-M102 as those have not been found in this particular site, so yes linking a European Y DNA, in this case J2b-L283, with the Levant is a total falsehood and does not coincide with archaeogentic data whatsoever.

You are very right in that there is great ancient DNA coverage for J2b-L283, with the oldest and highest density being in the Western Balkans and the data refutes claims as the above or in the paper very easily.
 
Pax Augusta said:
If I understood what he meant, mount123 was referring to J2b-L283 only which I don't think is the same thing as J2b. They just have different timelines and trajectories.

Among the samples from Tunisia, how many are just J2b and how many are J2b-L283? I ask because I don't know.
Click to expand...
That is exactly what I was referring to.

There are two J2b-L283 samples and they belong to the following clades:

ID R11751 ~569 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240>PH1602
ID R11753 ~530 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240
 
mount123 said:
That is exactly what I was referring to.

There are two J2b-L283 samples and they belong to the following clades:

ID R11751 ~569 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240>PH1602
ID R11753 ~530 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240
Click to expand...


Thanks, mount123. These two are very unlikely to be Phoenician, Punic or Levantine in origin. It's the reverse, from Western Balkans arrived in northern Africa in some way.

https://www.yfull.com/tree/J-Z38240/
 
Last edited:
mount123 said:
That is exactly what I was referring to.

There are two J2b-L283 samples and they belong to the following clades:

ID R11751 ~569 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240>PH1602
ID R11753 ~530 calBCE J2b-L283>>Z615>Z597>Y15058>Z38240
Click to expand...

The deep clade was not mentioned in the data table. If these are indeed the deep clades then there is no doubt that they are not Phoencian, but European. I'd say the most likely would be from an Italian source.
 
My top CheckFit for ancient G25 samples is Tarquinia IA @1.85.
 
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