no migrations at the time of republican rome occurred from anywhere.....the only eastern area of italy that the romans held was albania
This individual looks rather Anatolian derived based off the PCA. Too far northerly to be anything levantine and way too far north to be anything north african or punic. The study is supporting the idea I've stated in the past in that the genetic changes we see in central Italy occur primarily due to integration of individuals with large, even totalistic sums of magna graecian ancestry in the late republican era and not the early imperial era. It is rather plausible and perhaps even likely that types like this were descended from ethnic Greeks of non recent extraction who considered themselves ethnic Italians at this point.Abstract
Italian genetic history was profoundly shaped by Romans. While the Iron Age was comparable to contemporary European regions, the gene pool of Central Italy underwent significant influence from Near Eastern ancestry during the Imperial age. To explain this shift, it has been proposed that during this period people from Eastern Mediterranean regions of the Empire migrated towards its political center. In this study, by analyzing a new individual (1.25x) and published Republican samples, we propose a novel perspective for the presence of Near Eastern ancestry in the Imperial gene pool. In our scenario, the spread of this genetic ancestry took place during the late Republican period, predating the onset of the Empire by ~200 years. The diffusion of this ancestry may have occurred due to early East-to-West movements, since Eastern Mediterranean regions were already under Roman political influence during the Republic, or even as a result of migration from Southern Italy where Greeks and Phoenicians settled.
A) PCA with the newly reported individual and relevant ancient (colored) and modern (gray) samples from the literature. The main Italian Iron Age and Imperial clusters are indicated together with the Iron Age individuals with Near Eastern ancestry. B) Unsupervised admixture analysis (K=4), on the left Italian Iron Age and Imperial individuals are represented; on the right, populations representative of the main European genetic ancestries.
I don't think Livy would have agreed with you on this.According to some Persian sources after the fall of the Persian empire and in the Alexander era, a group of Iranians who wanted to preserve their religion (Mithraism) migrated to the west and created the Roman empire.
Rûm (Shahnameh)
en.everybodywiki.com
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There are usually some facts behind the myths.I don't think Livy would have agreed with you on this.
Fully spread? Nah, that's just wrong.
When do you think most Anatolians entered Italy at what time? Before 500BC or after 300BC?
Do you mean Anatolian Neolithic or Iron Age Anatolian: genetically rather divergent populations.
IA Anatolian obviously.
How's that obvious? What IA Anatolian migration to Italy are you talking about?
I asked Vitruvius; when do you think most Anatolians entered Italy?
Then your original question doesn't make sense.
That is a Persian myth, it is believed that the Roman Empire was found by Salm, borther of Iraj, ancestor of Iranians.Persians founded the Roman Empire, really?
Here's me thinking it was the Roman Senate and the legions that created the Empire as a reality and Augustus officially.
