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Genetic study Genomes from 82 Etruscans and Southern Italians.(800 BCE – 1,000 CE).

Sardinians and Imperial Romans

(I'll put 1 of the images through a link in order to save attachment storage)

https://images.app.goo.gl/CZrGsmU82egLHxWH9

IMG_20221201_232149.jpg


First of all I wanted to comment that I had never noticed that Sardinia is so shifted towards N. Europe in PCA1. It was already this way in the Nuragic period it seems.

But that changed a lot in Classical times.
We see Sardinian stops being an ethnicity and rather becomes a random collection of individuals from different parts of the world.

1 thing they have in common though, they're shifted towards MENA, which is clearly because of the Carthaginians.


Another observation is that the inhabitants of Rome (1-500CE) are OVERWHELMINGLY 1 of these 2 kinds:
1) People in the extreme southern cluster of modern Italians(the least European of the Italians, but Italians nonetheless).
Which seems to come from a combination of Iron Age Central Italian and these new incomers from the Eastern Empire(50%European, 50%Asian).

2)Or a mix of the previous and more M. Eastern(75%Asian/25%European).
I know because they appear in the exact middle. With few of them being M. Eastern per se.
This mix locates near Cretans, Cypriots and Askhenazi Jews in the PCA of
Caucasians.

With few of them, maybe 15%, being Latins or norther. With the minority being of Celtic, Germanic ancestry from inner in Europe.
 
^^Antonio et al. 2019 does a better job at decerning where these Imperial samples come from.

9PrZLOH.jpg


C6 spans Central Italy to Southern Italy, and has haplotypes similar to modern southern europeans.
C5 is basically Aegean and Anatolian immigrants, with haplotypes that match
C4 is Near eastern


As you can see from the chart, C6 expands in numbers after Rome was repopulated in the middle ages. Clearly from the chart, only C6 and C7 samples remain since then. However, a C6 sample was also among the Roman Republican era Prenestini, and C5 among Ardea.
 
Consistent with what Jovialis reported in post #442 above, Central Italy (Lazio, Abruzzo) and Southern/Sicily distances (Dodecad12b) vs. Ancient Roman samples from Antonio et al 2019. They are all tied to the C6 Cluster identified by Antonio et al 2019 which they document in their paper.

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_Sicily[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #5FFF00, align: right"]2.78197771[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R35_Late_Antiquity_Celio[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #65FF00, align: right"]2.95807370[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R136_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #72FF00, align: right"]3.35068650[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R57_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #72FF00, align: right"]3.35404234[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R56_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #75FF00, align: right"]3.44389315[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R122_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #76FF00, align: right"]3.45991329[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R65_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #78FF00, align: right"]3.51955963[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R973_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #85FF00, align: right"]3.91168762[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R54_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #86FF00, align: right"]3.94754354[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R64_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8AFF00, align: right"]4.06757913[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1544_Imperial_Era_Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8BFF00, align: right"]4.07914207[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R53_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8EFF00, align: right"]4.18017942[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R49_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9BFF00, align: right"]4.54437014[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R436_Imperial_Era_Palestrina[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A9FF00, align: right"]4.95930439[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R47_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #ACFF00, align: right"]5.05227671[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R59_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #ADFF00, align: right"]5.08254857[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R117_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B5FF00, align: right"]5.33704975[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R58_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B8FF00, align: right"]5.39782364[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1290_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C5FF00, align: right"]5.80417953[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R131_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CEFF00, align: right"]6.07088132[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R835_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D0FF00, align: right"]6.10593154[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R836_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D2FF00, align: right"]6.18016181[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R52_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D3FF00, align: right"]6.19655549[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R32_Late_Antiquity_Mausole_di_Augusto[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D9FF00, align: right"]6.37633123[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R30_Late_Antiquity_Mausole_di_Augusto[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DDFF00, align: right"]6.51180467[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R60_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_Lazio[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #5BFF00, align: right"]2.67237722[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R36_Late_Antiquity_Celio[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #84FF00, align: right"]3.86821664[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R120_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #84FF00, align: right"]3.87285424[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R121_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8DFF00, align: right"]4.14229405[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R969_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8EFF00, align: right"]4.18449519[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1283_Medieval_Era_Cancelleria[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A0FF00, align: right"]4.69270711[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R835_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B0FF00, align: right"]5.18514224[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R60_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B9FF00, align: right"]5.44693492[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R111_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BAFF00, align: right"]5.45616165[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R970_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D6FF00, align: right"]6.29753920[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1549_Imperial_Era_Monterotondo[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DAFF00, align: right"]6.39973437[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R118_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DBFF00, align: right"]6.44978294[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1287_Medieval_Era_Cancelleria[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DEFF00, align: right"]6.51605709[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1290_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #EBFF00, align: right"]6.90972503[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R836_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #F5FF00, align: right"]7.21167803[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R107_Late_Antiquity_Crypta_Balbi[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #F6FF00, align: right"]7.24332796[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1285_Medieval_Era_Cancelleria[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FAFF00, align: right"]7.35437965[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R52_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDFF00, align: right"]7.44902678[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R973_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDFF00, align: right"]7.45161727[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R54_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFFB00, align: right"]7.60505753[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R113_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFE300, align: right"]8.32478829[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R122_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFDF00, align: right"]8.44094189[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R56_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFDE00, align: right"]8.46505759[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R59_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFDC00, align: right"]8.51764052[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R131_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFDB00, align: right"]8.56834873[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R57_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_Campania[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #36FF00, align: right"]1.58240324[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R65_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #43FF00, align: right"]1.98408669[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R56_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #46FF00, align: right"]2.05866462[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R49_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #58FF00, align: right"]2.57621816[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R57_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #5EFF00, align: right"]2.75294388[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R973_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #64FF00, align: right"]2.95387881[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R122_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #6FFF00, align: right"]3.26229980[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R35_Late_Antiquity_Celio[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #78FF00, align: right"]3.51894871[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R53_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #78FF00, align: right"]3.52026988[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R58_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7CFF00, align: right"]3.65450407[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R136_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7DFF00, align: right"]3.66642878[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1290_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7EFF00, align: right"]3.70673711[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R131_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7FFF00, align: right"]3.72603006[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R59_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #80FF00, align: right"]3.75413106[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R54_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #86FF00, align: right"]3.92661432[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R436_Imperial_Era_Palestrina[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #86FF00, align: right"]3.93776586[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1544_Imperial_Era_Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8CFF00, align: right"]4.12047327[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R64_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #91FF00, align: right"]4.25741706[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R836_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9BFF00, align: right"]4.55702754[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R117_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A3FF00, align: right"]4.78842354[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R437_Iron_Age_Palestrina_Selicata[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A7FF00, align: right"]4.92595168[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R52_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C5FF00, align: right"]5.80386940[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R47_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C6FF00, align: right"]5.81080029[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R107_Late_Antiquity_Crypta_Balbi[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C8FF00, align: right"]5.89445502[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R835_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CAFF00, align: right"]5.93387732[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R137_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_Calabria[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #62FF00, align: right"]2.88686681[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R136_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #6BFF00, align: right"]3.15065073[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R53_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #6FFF00, align: right"]3.26625167[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R65_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #87FF00, align: right"]3.96643417[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R30_Late_Antiquity_Mausole_di_Augusto[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #91FF00, align: right"]4.25658314[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R436_Imperial_Era_Palestrina[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #94FF00, align: right"]4.33831765[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R35_Late_Antiquity_Celio[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #95FF00, align: right"]4.37842437[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1544_Imperial_Era_Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9CFF00, align: right"]4.58070955[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R137_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9FFF00, align: right"]4.67814066[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R50_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A2FF00, align: right"]4.75823497[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R56_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A8FF00, align: right"]4.93219018[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R57_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #AAFF00, align: right"]4.98567949[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R51_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #ADFF00, align: right"]5.08910601[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R114_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #AEFF00, align: right"]5.10659378[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R49_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B3FF00, align: right"]5.26492165[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R122_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B6FF00, align: right"]5.35296180[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R125_Imperial_Era_Casale_del_Dolce[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BAFF00, align: right"]5.46376244[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R58_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C4FF00, align: right"]5.75696969[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R64_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C5FF00, align: right"]5.79443699[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R973_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CEFF00, align: right"]6.05614564[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R59_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D6FF00, align: right"]6.28000796[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R117_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D6FF00, align: right"]6.29918249[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R54_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D7FF00, align: right"]6.32449207[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R133_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E2FF00, align: right"]6.64693162[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R131_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E2FF00, align: right"]6.65391614[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R1548_Imperial_Era_Monterotondo

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #57FF00, align: right"]2.56386427[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R57_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #59FF00, align: right"]2.60829446[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R54_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #75FF00, align: right"]3.44476414[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R973_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8AFF00, align: right"]4.05111096[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R60_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #96FF00, align: right"]4.40345319[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R64_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9AFF00, align: right"]4.51826294[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1544_Imperial_Era_Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9FFF00, align: right"]4.67985042[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R59_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A2FF00, align: right"]4.77307029[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R49_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A3FF00, align: right"]4.80008333[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1290_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A4FF00, align: right"]4.83547309[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R58_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A8FF00, align: right"]4.94660490[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R65_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #AAFF00, align: right"]4.99966999[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R136_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #AFFF00, align: right"]5.13256271[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R121_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B0FF00, align: right"]5.18126432[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R53_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B3FF00, align: right"]5.25703338[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R436_Imperial_Era_Palestrina[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BCFF00, align: right"]5.51678348[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R35_Late_Antiquity_Celio[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BCFF00, align: right"]5.54182280[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R969_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BFFF00, align: right"]5.62731730[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R836_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BFFF00, align: right"]5.63133199[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R56_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C4FF00, align: right"]5.76332369[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R122_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C6FF00, align: right"]5.80950084[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R835_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #D6FF00, align: right"]6.28826685[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R107_Late_Antiquity_Crypta_Balbi[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E4FF00, align: right"]6.71796844[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R114_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #EBFF00, align: right"]6.91663936[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R970_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #F1FF00, align: right"]7.07757020[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R131_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_Abruzzo[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #36FF00, align: right"]1.58104396[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R973_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #56FF00, align: right"]2.52731082[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R54_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #63FF00, align: right"]2.89798206[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R57_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #6AFF00, align: right"]3.12312344[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1290_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #70FF00, align: right"]3.30496596[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R836_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #73FF00, align: right"]3.37182443[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R56_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #74FF00, align: right"]3.40208759[/TD]
[TD]Eastern_Mediterranean_C5:R122_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #74FF00, align: right"]3.41650406[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R49_Imperial_Era_Centocelle_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7AFF00, align: right"]3.57692605[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R835_Imperial_Era_Civitanova_Marche[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #87FF00, align: right"]3.97689577[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R121_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8BFF00, align: right"]4.09847533[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R969_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #90FF00, align: right"]4.22335175[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R64_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #95FF00, align: right"]4.38881533[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R59_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #95FF00, align: right"]4.38937353[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R35_Late_Antiquity_Celio[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #97FF00, align: right"]4.43461385[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R60_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #97FF00, align: right"]4.43644001[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R65_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A1FF00, align: right"]4.74745195[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R131_Imperial_Era_Via_Paisiello_Necropolis[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A7FF00, align: right"]4.92633738[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R52_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #ADFF00, align: right"]5.09174823[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R117_Late_Antiquity_S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #ADFF00, align: right"]5.10255818[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R58_Medieval_Era_Villa_Magna[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B4FF00, align: right"]5.27946967[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R1544_Imperial_Era_Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B8FF00, align: right"]5.40747631[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R136_Imperial_Era_Marcellino_&_Pietro[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BAFF00, align: right"]5.47401133[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R107_Late_Antiquity_Crypta_Balbi[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C0FF00, align: right"]5.65828596[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R970_Medieval_Era_Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C1FF00, align: right"]5.67837125[/TD]
[TD]Mediterranean_C6:R436_Imperial_Era_Palestrina

[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
 
Jovialis said:
9PrZLOH.jpg


As you can see from the chart, C6 expands in numbers after Rome was repopulated in the middle ages. Clearly from the chart, only C6 and C7 samples remain since then.
Click to expand...

There's an interesting conclussion if we combine the 4% European for C7 of your picture and mine. C7 is likely to only describe the 4 Celtic/Germanic outliers in 'Imperial'.

There's no way that could include all that minority that clusters like today's Northeners and Tuscans(which is kind of arbitrary the classification).

But that being the case, that must mean that in the Middle Ages(maybe into the Renaissance), those "French and Germans" must reach 40% in the city of Rome(because C7 reaches 40%).
That's outstanding for C. Italy.
 
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi7673
Also, in the last picture of this study, you can see how segregated were the Lombards/Ostrogoths with respect to the Roman people.

These in turn were still very S. Italian like, in continuity with the mass of samples that cluster at the edges of today's Italians.
But the other chunk that classifies as C5/C4 and approaches Asia, was gone by then.
Also "Tuscans" were a bit shifted to the South, though less so than in Rome.
 
Mmiikkii said:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi7673
Also, in the last picture of this study, you can see how segregated were the Lombards/Ostrogoths with respect to the Roman people.
These in turn were still very S. Italian like, in continuity with the mass of samples that cluster at the edges of today's Italians.
But the other chunk that classifies as C5/C4 and approaches Asia, was gone by then.
Also "Tuscans" were a bit shifted to the South, though less so than in Rome.
Click to expand...


the paper has some flaws .............Venosa was never etruscan...it was Lucanian ( an off branch of the umbri )...it was then taken by the Samnites ( another off branch of the Umbri ) until it finally fell to the Romans in the 3rd Samnite-Roman war

Lombards and Ostrogoths came in AD times ..............by this time all of the italian peninsula was Roman..............by these times, we have no clue who was originally southern italian
 
... Standard Apulian, Salento_me, and modern Grecìa Salentina samples (… by A. Olivieri, A. Achilli, C. Capelli).

Top 10

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #4EFF00, align: right"]2.28256435[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #59FF00, align: right"]2.60829446[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R54:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #66FF00, align: right"]3.00006667[/TD]
[TD]Crusader_Pit:SI53:Haber_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #84FF00, align: right"]3.86817787[/TD]
[TD]VK537_Foggia_Puglia_Italy[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #86FF00, align: right"]3.93063608[/TD]
[TD]C6-Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti_MA:R973:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #88FF00, align: right"]3.99743668[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R60:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #91FF00, align: right"]4.27507895[/TD]
[TD]TAQ003:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #96FF00, align: right"]4.40345319[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R64:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9AFF00, align: right"]4.51826294[/TD]
[TD]C6-Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese_Imperial_Rome:R1544:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9EFF00, align: right"]4.64515877[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Salento_me[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #3DFF00, align: right"]1.78504902[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #64FF00, align: right"]2.94149622[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #66FF00, align: right"]3.00324824[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R59:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #72FF00, align: right"]3.36447619[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R54:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7CFF00, align: right"]3.65926222[/TD]
[TD]TAQ003:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8AFF00, align: right"]4.05762246[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R65:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8BFF00, align: right"]4.09765787[/TD]
[TD]C6-Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti_MA:R973:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8DFF00, align: right"]4.14498492[/TD]
[TD]Crusader_Pit:SI53:Haber_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8DFF00, align: right"]4.14907219[/TD]
[TD]R1554_Urbino-Bivio_125calCE-220calCE[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #94FF00, align: right"]4.34772354[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R1290:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG37_Soleto_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #34FF00, align: right"]1.52725243[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #53FF00, align: right"]2.43737564[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R54:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #69FF00, align: right"]3.08580622[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R65:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #70FF00, align: right"]3.29422221[/TD]
[TD]C6-Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese_Imperial_Rome:R1544:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #76FF00, align: right"]3.46278789[/TD]
[TD]C6-Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti_MA:R973:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #77FF00, align: right"]3.50192804[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #80FF00, align: right"]3.77753888[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R64:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #84FF00, align: right"]3.89516367[/TD]
[TD]C6-Centocelle_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R49:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #87FF00, align: right"]3.97737351[/TD]
[TD]C6-Marcellino_&_Pietro_Imperial_Rome:R136:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #87FF00, align: right"]3.97880635[/TD]
[TD]C6-Palestrina_Imperial_Rome:R436:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG74_Zollino_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #68FF00, align: right"]3.05047537[/TD]
[TD]C6-Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti_MA:R970:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #70FF00, align: right"]3.30665995[/TD]
[TD]Crusader_Pit:SI53:Haber_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7CFF00, align: right"]3.65569419[/TD]
[TD]C6-Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti_MA:R973:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #81FF00, align: right"]3.78931392[/TD]
[TD]R1292_Cancelleria_500-1400_AD[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #89FF00, align: right"]4.02581669[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R54:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8EFF00, align: right"]4.16289563[/TD]
[TD]C6-Civitanova_Marche_Imperial_Rome:R835:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8EFF00, align: right"]4.18718282[/TD]
[TD]TAQ003:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #92FF00, align: right"]4.28601213[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #94FF00, align: right"]4.33970045[/TD]
[TD]VEN006:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #95FF00, align: right"]4.37669967[/TD]
[TD]C6-S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia_Late_Antiquity:R121:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG66_Zollino_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #80FF00, align: right"]3.76083767[/TD]
[TD]VK534_Foggia_Puglia_Italy[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B1FF00, align: right"]5.20892503[/TD]
[TD]R1554_Urbino-Bivio_125calCE-220calCE[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BAFF00, align: right"]5.48036495[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R59:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BEFF00, align: right"]5.57847649[/TD]
[TD]ETR014:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BEFF00, align: right"]5.58591980[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C7FF00, align: right"]5.84524593[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #CAFF00, align: right"]5.92783266[/TD]
[TD]VK537_Foggia_Puglia_Italy[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E7FF00, align: right"]6.80316103[/TD]
[TD]Crusader_Pit:SI53:Haber_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #E9FF00, align: right"]6.85847651[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R60:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #F2FF00, align: right"]7.12176944[/TD]
[TD]C6-Crypta_Balbi_Late_Antiquity:R107:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG58_Martano_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #40FF00, align: right"]1.88082429[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R65:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #43FF00, align: right"]1.95882618[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R56:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #48FF00, align: right"]2.10499406[/TD]
[TD]C6-Centocelle_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R49:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #52FF00, align: right"]2.40162445[/TD]
[TD]C6-Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti_MA:R973:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #5EFF00, align: right"]2.76944038[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #65FF00, align: right"]2.96777695[/TD]
[TD]C6-Celio_Late_Antiquity:R35:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #67FF00, align: right"]3.01555965[/TD]
[TD]C6-Civitanova_Marche_Imperial_Rome:R836:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #70FF00, align: right"]3.28656355[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R53:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #74FF00, align: right"]3.40074992[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R54:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #79FF00, align: right"]3.55261875[/TD]
[TD]C5-S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia_Late_Antiquity:R122:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG46_Martano_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #92FF00, align: right"]4.28233581[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R54:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A0FF00, align: right"]4.69185464[/TD]
[TD]C6-Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese_Imperial_Rome:R1544:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #A4FF00, align: right"]4.81845411[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B3FF00, align: right"]5.25564458[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R64:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BBFF00, align: right"]5.49695370[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C1FF00, align: right"]5.66633038[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R60:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C2FF00, align: right"]5.69562990[/TD]
[TD]Crusader_Pit:SI53:Haber_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C3FF00, align: right"]5.74605082[/TD]
[TD]VEN015:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C6FF00, align: right"]5.81423254[/TD]
[TD]C6-Palestrina_Imperial_Rome:R436:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C6FF00, align: right"]5.83657434[/TD]
[TD]VEN016:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG28_Martano_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #4AFF00, align: right"]2.17253308[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R53:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #5FFF00, align: right"]2.80472815[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R65:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #62FF00, align: right"]2.89589364[/TD]
[TD]C6-Palestrina_Imperial_Rome:R436:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #71FF00, align: right"]3.31538836[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #72FF00, align: right"]3.35806492[/TD]
[TD]C6-Marcellino_&_Pietro_Imperial_Rome:R136:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #79FF00, align: right"]3.56202190[/TD]
[TD]C6-Centocelle_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R49:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7EFF00, align: right"]3.71480821[/TD]
[TD]C6-Tivoli_Palazzo_Cianti_MA:R973:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #84FF00, align: right"]3.88082465[/TD]
[TD]C6-Necropolis_of_Monte_Agnese_Imperial_Rome:R1544:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #87FF00, align: right"]3.97836650[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #95FF00, align: right"]4.37463141[/TD]
[TD]C6-Civitanova_Marche_Imperial_Rome:R836:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG12_Soleto_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #79FF00, align: right"]3.55776615[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #83FF00, align: right"]3.84104153[/TD]
[TD]ETR014:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8AFF00, align: right"]4.06730869[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R59:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #97FF00, align: right"]4.44665042[/TD]
[TD]R1554_Urbino-Bivio_125calCE-220calCE[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #99FF00, align: right"]4.48795053[/TD]
[TD]VK534_Foggia_Puglia_Italy[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9AFF00, align: right"]4.51631487[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R57:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #BDFF00, align: right"]5.56909328[/TD]
[TD]C6-Crypta_Balbi_Late_Antiquity:R107:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C2FF00, align: right"]5.69828044[/TD]
[TD]VK537_Foggia_Puglia_Italy[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C9FF00, align: right"]5.90285524[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R60:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #C9FF00, align: right"]5.92119076[/TD]
[TD]TAQ003:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG17_Soleto_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7FFF00, align: right"]3.72927607[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R52:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #80FF00, align: right"]3.75765885[/TD]
[TD]C6-S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia_Late_Antiquity:R118:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #80FF00, align: right"]3.77001326[/TD]
[TD]C6-Civitanova_Marche_Imperial_Rome:R835:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #81FF00, align: right"]3.78905001[/TD]
[TD]C6-Via_Paisiello_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R131:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #83FF00, align: right"]3.84350101[/TD]
[TD]C6-S_Ercolano_Necropolis_Ostia_Late_Antiquity:R117:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #85FF00, align: right"]3.90284512[/TD]
[TD]Collegno121:Amorim_2018[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8DFF00, align: right"]4.14814416[/TD]
[TD]R1225_Cancelleria_1480_AD[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #90FF00, align: right"]4.24662219[/TD]
[TD]Szolad40:Amorim_2018[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #97FF00, align: right"]4.43377943[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R56:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9CFF00, align: right"]4.58554250[/TD]
[TD]C6-Civitanova_Marche_Imperial_Rome:R836:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG20_Calimera_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #56FF00, align: right"]2.53970471[/TD]
[TD]C6-Casale_del_Dolce_Imperial_Rome:R125:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #67FF00, align: right"]3.03023101[/TD]
[TD]C6-Centocelle_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R51:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #71FF00, align: right"]3.32170137[/TD]
[TD]C5-Isola_Sacra_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R39:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7CFF00, align: right"]3.63751289[/TD]
[TD]Collegno38:Amorim_2018[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #7DFF00, align: right"]3.66353654[/TD]
[TD]C5-Marcellino_&_Pietro_Imperial_Rome:R133:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #80FF00, align: right"]3.76350900[/TD]
[TD]Collegno25:Amorim_2018[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #85FF00, align: right"]3.90748001[/TD]
[TD]C6-Marcellino_&_Pietro_Imperial_Rome:R137:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #8AFF00, align: right"]4.06811996[/TD]
[TD]C5-Mausoleo_di_Augusto_Late_Antiquity:R30:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #96FF00, align: right"]4.41286755[/TD]
[TD]C5-ANAS_Imperial_Rome:R69:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #9FFF00, align: right"]4.67183048[/TD]
[TD]C5-Monterotondo_Imperial_Rome:R1548:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

[TABLE="class: distances"]
[TR]
[TH="align: right"]Distance to:[/TH]
[TH="align: left"]Italian_South:PuG33_Sternatia_LE_Apulia[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #B0FF00, align: right"]5.18527723[/TD]
[TD]VK534_Foggia_Puglia_Italy[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #F3FF00, align: right"]7.15105587[/TD]
[TD]ETR014:Etruscan_Pre-Print_2021[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FAFF00, align: right"]7.33829681[/TD]
[TD]C5-Via_Paisiello_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R114:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFF900, align: right"]7.67645100[/TD]
[TD]Latini_o:R850:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFF800, align: right"]7.71062254[/TD]
[TD]C6-Centocelle_Necropolis_Imperial_Rome:R51:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFF400, align: right"]7.82599514[/TD]
[TD]C5-ANAS_Imperial_Rome:R69:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFF300, align: right"]7.85943382[/TD]
[TD]C6-Marcellino_&_Pietro_Imperial_Rome:R136:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFF100, align: right"]7.89748061[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R53:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFEF00, align: right"]7.97021330[/TD]
[TD]C6-Palestrina_Imperial_Rome:R436:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FFED00, align: right"]8.02249961[/TD]
[TD]C6-Villa_Magna_MA:R58:Antonio_2019[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
 
Last edited:
torzio said:
by these times, we have no clue who was originally southern italian
Click to expand...
If you click in the study, you see an image with Early Bronze Age Sicily.
It's not a tight cluster, but seems to be a mix between Sardinian(or simply EEF) and a bit of North Africa(just a little bit) and also shows a shift towards the Near East.

It's unlikely however that that affects neccesarily continental s. Italy. Since they have been ruled by different people, different times(Greeks, Carthaginians).

I'll search for it but I'm sure I read somewhere that all of 'the boot' had Italic ancestry(only exception the islands).
 
Mmiikkii said:
(I'll put 1 of the images through a link in order to save attachment storage)

https://images.app.goo.gl/CZrGsmU82egLHxWH9

View attachment 13697


First of all I wanted to comment that I had never noticed that Sardinia is so shifted towards N. Europe in PCA1. It was already this way in the Nuragic period it seems.

But that changed a lot in Classical times.
We see Sardinian stops being an ethnicity and rather becomes a random collection of individuals from different parts of the world.

1 thing they have in common though, they're shifted towards MENA, which is clearly because of the Carthaginians.


Another observation is that the inhabitants of Rome (1-500CE) are OVERWHELMINGLY 1 of these 2 kinds:
1) People in the extreme southern cluster of modern Italians(the least European of the Italians, but Italians nonetheless).
Which seems to come from a combination of Iron Age Central Italian and these new incomers from the Eastern Empire(50%European, 50%Asian).

2)Or a mix of the previous and more M. Eastern(75%Asian/25%European).
I know because they appear in the exact middle. With few of them being M. Eastern per se.
This mix locates near Cretans, Cypriots and Askhenazi Jews in the PCA of
Caucasians.

With few of them, maybe 15%, being Latins or norther. With the minority being of Celtic, Germanic ancestry from inner in Europe.
Click to expand...
This sounds like baloney.
How the hell is ancient italian etruscan scoring half english?
 
Mmiikkii said:
If you click in the study, you see an image with Early Bronze Age Sicily.
It's not a tight cluster, but seems to be a mix between Sardinian(or simply EEF) and a bit of North Africa(just a little bit) and also shows a shift towards the Near East.
It's unlikely however that that affects neccesarily continental s. Italy. Since they have been ruled by different people, different times(Greeks, Carthaginians).
I'll search for it but I'm sure I read somewhere that all of 'the boot' had Italic ancestry(only exception the islands).
Click to expand...

It's literally just a shift towards the bronze age Aegean due to an increase of CHG admixture, there are at least two papers on the argument (Fernandes 2019 and Raveane 2022)
 
Wanderer said:
This sounds like baloney.
How the hell is ancient italian etruscan scoring half english?
Click to expand...

It's 3 specific Etruscans, out of 48.
There's always someone blonde, with blue eyes... With recent Northern ancestry.
 
Mmiikkii said:
It's 3 specific Etruscans, out of 48.
There's always someone blonde, with blue eyes... With recent Northern ancestry.
Click to expand...

What the hell that has to do with scoring "english" ancestry.

Why not finnish then or danish? Why "English"

And if they had northern ancestry it would make more sense that it was baltic ancestry than english.
 
Wanderer said:
What the hell that has to do with scoring "english" ancestry.

Why not finnish then or danish? Why "English"

And if they had northern ancestry it would make more sense that it was baltic ancestry than english.
Click to expand...

When I say northern I mean Northern European, which is German, French, Irish, English, Swedish, Finnish...
But it's just a model of ancestries. This isn't exact a lot of times, it's just a proxy.
 
Mmiikkii said:
There's an interesting conclussion if we combine the 4% European for C7 of your picture and mine. C7 is likely to only describe the 4 Celtic/Germanic outliers in 'Imperial'.
There's no way that could include all that minority that clusters like today's Northeners and Tuscans(which is kind of arbitrary the classification).
But that being the case, that must mean that in the Middle Ages(maybe into the Renaissance), those "French and Germans" must reach 40% in the city of Rome(because C7 reaches 40%).
That's outstanding for C. Italy.
Click to expand...

Etruscan and Latini are considered C7 because of haplotype sharing, but they exist between Iberians and Northern Italians on a PCA. They were predominately Anatolia_N, with about a quarter Steppe ancestry; as well as elevated WHG from a resurgence of that population in the central Italian copper age.

I am curious if this WHG resurgence just effected certain parts of Italy, while others remained more consistent, or even received elevated CHG like we see in the south today, from later intermediary farmers. But of course we need to sample the aDNA from more areas to see.

The rest of the C7 samples are from north of the Alps in later eras.
 
Mmiikkii said:
I suspect that this population survived and had more relevance in Etruscans than in Latins.
I say were WHG rather than only EEF, I also made a post about a higher rate of I2 to G2 in Basques, and I postulated that Paleolithic culture is relevant in Europe.
https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threads/42896-Basques-more-WHG-or-Neolithic
Click to expand...

Here's an idea for you: how about you read the papers and see how much WHG there is in Etruscans before you go building all these "theories".
 
torzio said:
the paper has some flaws .............Venosa was never etruscan...it was Lucanian ( an off branch of the umbri )...it was then taken by the Samnites ( another off branch of the Umbri ) until it finally fell to the Romans in the 3rd Samnite-Roman war
Lombards and Ostrogoths came in AD times ..............by this time all of the italian peninsula was Roman..............by these times, we have no clue who was originally southern italian
Click to expand...

I agree that we need samples of tribes from all over Italy to appropriately know the trajectory of the genetics of the peninsula. It doesn't make much sense to models the South with Etruscans, considering all of the other contemporaneous people who would be more appropriate. As well as those that came before them.

Jgwbwwg.jpg


mP8wDnt.jpg


qRYJJ92.jpg
 
I hope that the Magna Graecia paper will be published soon. Waiting is always painful.
 
@Jovialis
Thanks for the maps.
Even if all these "tribes" of Italy were not always so different one from another, it shows that we need very more detailed anDNA before making too arbitrary statements. BTW some groups of same origin before moves absorbed different substrata in their new settlements in history. Etruscan and Roman "label" covered a lot of diverse situations genetically speaking, even more during the Empire.
I'm wondering if the Etruscan language should not have been adopted as cement language by an Urnfield "leader" culture of Central Europe (Hungary at first and then Western lands on their road to Italy and Alps?) which had agglomerated diverse margins ethnies of too diverse languages. But to say that I need very more numerous Y-haplos and auDNA of Etruscans at their beginning.
 
Angela said:
Here's an idea for you: how about you read the papers and see how much WHG there is in Etruscans before you go building all these "theories".
Click to expand...

There's basically the same amount in all of them.
 
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