Genetic study High continuity of forager ancestry in the Neolithic period of the eastern Maghreb

[Tautalus]

Abstract

Ancient DNA from the Mediterranean region has revealed long-range connections and population transformations associated with the spread of food-producing economies. However, in contrast to Europe, genetic data from this key transition in northern Africa are limited, and have only been available from the far western Maghreb (Morocco). Here we present genome-wide data for nine individuals from the Later Stone Age through the Neolithic period from Algeria and Tunisia. The earliest individuals cluster with pre-Neolithic people of the western Maghreb (around 15,000–7,600 years before present (bp)), showing that this ‘Maghrebi’ ancestry profile had a substantial geographic and temporal extent. At least one individual from Djebba (Tunisia), dating to around 8,000 years bp, harboured ancestry from European hunter–gatherers, probably reflecting movement in the Early Holocene across the Strait of Sicily. Later Neolithic people from the eastern Maghreb retained largely local forager ancestry, together with smaller contributions from European farmers (by around 7,000 years bp) and Levantine groups (by around 6,800 years bp), and were thus far less impacted by external gene flow than were populations in other parts of the Neolithic Mediterranean.

High continuity of forager ancestry in the Neolithic period of the eastern Maghreb

Ancestry proportions for
a) previously published ancient groups from the western Maghreb
b) newly reported groups from the eastern Maghreb

Uniparental markers for newly reported ancient individuals

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[Vitruvius]

So it looks like we see fundamentally a similar pattern in Tunisia as seen in Morocco. Taforalt like ancestry dominates up until about ~ 5000 BC at which point it begins to shift rather drastically towards Levant Neolithic with ~ 40% replacement. In Morocco we also more drastic shifts towards spain neolithic and levant neolithic starting around the same time with roughly a 75% replacement in the coastal regions but little to no penetration further inland around the same time period.