Genetic study Ancient DNA from the Green Sahara reveals ancestral North African lineage

[Tautalus]

Abstract

"Although it is one of the most arid regions today, the Sahara Desert was a green savannah during the African Humid Period (AHP) between 14,500 and 5,000 years before present, with water bodies promoting human occupation and the spread of pastoralism in the middle Holocene epoch. DNA rarely preserves well in this region, limiting knowledge of the Sahara’s genetic history and demographic past. Here we report ancient genomic data from the Central Sahara, obtained from two approximately 7,000-year-old Pastoral Neolithic female individuals buried in the Takarkori rock shelter in southwestern Libya. The majority of Takarkori individuals’ ancestry stems from a previously unknown North African genetic lineage that diverged from sub-Saharan African lineages around the same time as present-day humans outside Africa and remained isolated throughout most of its existence. Both Takarkori individuals are closely related to ancestry first documented in 15,000-year-old foragers from Taforalt Cave, Morocco, associated with the Iberomaurusian lithic industry and predating the AHP. Takarkori and Iberomaurusian-associated individuals are equally distantly related to sub-Saharan lineages, suggesting limited gene flow from sub-Saharan to Northern Africa during the AHP. In contrast to Taforalt individuals, who have half the Neanderthal admixture of non-Africans, Takarkori shows ten times less Neanderthal ancestry than Levantine farmers, yet significantly more than contemporary sub-Saharan genomes. Our findings suggest that pastoralism spread through cultural diffusion into a deeply divergent, isolated North African lineage that had probably been widespread in Northern Africa during the late Pleistocene epoch."
​

Ancient DNA from the Green Sahara reveals ancestral North African lineage - Nature

Pastoralism spread through cultural diffusion into the Green Sahara, where an isolated, distinct North African ancestry persisted.

www.nature.com

The two Takarkori female individuals belong to a basal branch of haplogroup N.

From the paper : "Here we included Takarkori as a possible source of the African ancestry in Taforalt in comparison to several potential sources (namely Yoruba, Dinka, Mota, Cameroon Shum Laka, Botswana Xaro Early Iron Age (EIA) and Tanzania Zanzibar 1,300 cal. bp) through rotation-based qpAdm. We found that Saharan Takarkori provides a much better fit as an African proxy for Taforalt than the sub-Saharan groups, attaining a P value of >0.05, indicative of a much better model fit compared to the other sources (P < 2.84 × 10−34) (Extended Data Figs. 7, 8 and Supplementary Tables 2.6, 2.7). With this revised model, we estimated that the Taforalt ancestry retains a comparable 60.8% (±1.8%) contribution from Natufians, with the remaining 39.2% (±1.8%) derived from Takarkori."

PCA

 

[Vitruvius]

I've suspected that Taforalt derived a good deal of its ancestry from interactions with green sahara populations. Nice to see this now evidenced.

 

[Hawk]

This study is very interesting, and at least big news for Y-DNA E-M35 but i suspect for Y-DNA E in general.

We are dealing with a 3rd race different from OOA and Sub-Saharan Africans.

Sub Saharan Africans were likely formed when Shum-Laka and similar autosomal receive Takarkori-like autosomal and Y-DNA E.

Previous work modelled the Taforalt group’s ancestry as a two-way admixture of approximately 63.5% Natufian (ancient Levantine foragers) and 36.5% sub-Saharan African ancestries<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" title="van de Loosdrecht, M. et al. Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations. Science 360, 548–552 (2018)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08793-7#ref-CR2">2</a>. However, this model using the software qpAdm<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" title="van de Loosdrecht, M. et al. Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations. Science 360, 548–552 (2018)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08793-7#ref-CR2">2</a> could not pinpoint the origin of Taforalt’s African ancestry, resulting in unknown ghost ancestry only broadly linked to South, East and Central African groups<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" title="van de Loosdrecht, M. et al. Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations. Science 360, 548–552 (2018)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08793-7#ref-CR2">2</a>. Here we included Takarkori as a possible source of the African ancestry in Taforalt in comparison to several potential sources (namely Yoruba, Dinka, Mota, Cameroon Shum Laka, Botswana Xaro Early Iron Age (EIA) and Tanzania Zanzibar 1,300 cal. bp) through rotation-based qpAdm. We found that Saharan Takarkori provides a much better fit as an African proxy for Taforalt than the sub-Saharan groups, attaining a P value of >0.05, indicative of a much better model fit compared to the other sources (P < 2.84 × 10−34) (Extended Data Figs. 7, 8 and Supplementary Tables 2.6, 2.7). With this revised model, we estimated that the Taforalt ancestry retains a comparable 60.8% (±1.8%) contribution from Natufians, with the remaining 39.2% (±1.8%) derived from Takarkori.

We next explored the direct genetic affinity between Takarkori and the OoA ancestry found in all non-African modern humans, in contrast to African groups. For this, we computed f4 statistics of the form f4(chimpanzee, Zlatý kůň; African, Takarkori). Zlatý kůň, a 45,000-year-old Upper Palaeolithic individual from Czechia, was used as a proxy for OoA ancestry as it is probably the oldest modern human sequenced to date and represents the deepest known human lineage after the OoA lineage splits from the African lineages<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" title="Prüfer, K. et al. A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 5, 820–825 (2021)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08793-7#ref-CR47">47</a>. Our results showed positive values for Takarkori, indicating that it is genetically closer to Zlatý kůň than to sub-Saharan Africans, including Mota, a 4,500-year-old genome from East Africa. Nevertheless, various African populations with substantial OoA admixture were still genetically closer to Zlatý kůň than to Takarkori (Extended Data Fig. 9 and Supplementary Data 5).

These results raise the question of whether Takarkori’s ancestors are closely related to OoA groups but remained in Africa, or whether they received later gene flow from OoA groups. If Takarkori experienced such later gene flow, it would carry Neanderthal admixture that is found in all OoA groups. To explore this signal, we used the data generated using the Archaic Admixture SNP panel for Takarkori and the software admixfrog<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" title="Peter, B. M. 100,000 years of gene flow between Neandertals and Denisovans in the Altai mountains. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13.990523 (2020)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08793-7#ref-CR48">48</a> that detects Neanderthal segments and included other ancient African and Eurasian groups as well as modern sub-Saharan African populations for comparison (Supplementary Note 2). We detected a total of 12 Neanderthal fragments that surpass 0.05 cM in length (approximately 50 kb), with the longest fragment located on chromosome 1 (Extended Data Fig. 10 and Supplementary Fig. 2.32), translating to a low level of Neanderthal ancestry in the Takarkori genome of approximately 0.15% (Fig. 4a). This percentage is less than a quarter of the Neanderthal ancestry in segments longer than 0.05 cM found in Taforalt and Neolithic Morocco individuals (0.6–0.9%), and about tenfold lower than in most OoA groups (1.4–2.36%), yet significantly higher than that in other ancient and contemporary sub-Saharan African genomes, where Neanderthal ancestry was completely absent. This pattern suggests that the Takarkori individuals have received a small amount of ancestry from OoA groups. However, the estimation of admixture dating of this OoA ancestry with DATES<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" title="Narasimhan, V. M. et al. The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia. Science 365, eaat7487 (2019)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08793-7#ref-CR49">49</a> based on linkage disequilibrium (Supplementary Figs. 2.26.1–2.26.3) indicated very ancient admixture events with substantial uncertainty.

Finally, we used the find_graphs() function from the ADMIXTOOLS 2<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" title="Maier, R. et al. On the limits of fitting complex models of population history to f-statistics. eLife 12, e85492 (2023)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08793-7#ref-CR50">50</a> package to model Takarkori’s ancestral relationship with other populations. We used a function for automated graph exploration with a model that includes Mota, Iran Neolithic, Natufian, Taforalt, Takarkori and the outgroup chimpanzee. The model fits with small f-statistic residuals (max |f4,expected − f4,observed| = 0.27 s.e.). The fitted graph suggests that Takarkori traces most of its ancestry (93%) to a hitherto unknown North African population, in agreement with the isolation signature obtained from the f4 statistics mentioned above (Fig. 3b). This unknown North African population is closely related to OoA populations and branches off the lineage leading to OoA later than the ancient individual from Mota Cave, Ethiopia, who represents the sub-Saharan African lineage most closely related to OoA groups identified so far. In our model, the remainder of the Takarkori individuals’ ancestry (7%) is derived from a deeply ancient Levantine source. The Levantine gene flow also accounts for the Neanderthal ancestry found in Takarkori as the Levantine Neolithic genomes carry around 1.86% Neanderthal ancestry, aligning with our estimates using admixfrog. The graph also models Taforalt as a mixture of a 40% contribution from a Takarkori-related branch and 60% from a Natufian-related branch, consistent with our qpAdm results (Fig. 4c and Supplementary Data 6).

Ancient DNA from the Green Sahara reveals ancestral North African lineage - Nature

Pastoralism spread through cultural diffusion into the Green Sahara, where an isolated, distinct North African ancestry persisted.

www.nature.com

 

[Palermo Trapani]

Tautalus: Thanks for the notification on this study. Really some groundbreaking findings. No need to comment on what was already said in previous post. But the Neanderthal admixture analysis in Figure 4 is really telling. The ancient SW Libyan samples from Takarkori are closer genetically to Katy Klun (45k years ago; Czek Republic) than Mota (4.5k years ago Ethiopia), which is quite astounding.

 

[Tautalus]

It's a pity they didn't analyse any Takarkori male individuals to find out their Y-DNA. They would probably belong to a branch of E, as Hawk said, leaving descendant clades in the north and south of the Sahara.

The peopling of the last Green Sahara revealed by high-coverage resequencing of trans-Saharan patrilineages

Time estimates and frequency maps of the four trans-Saharan haplogroups and major sub-clades.

 

[kingdavid]

if people here are interested
here is a print screen from the paper
of the Neanderthal ancestry in some ancients :
Takarkori -0.15%
morocco Neolithic - 0.6%
Taforlat -0.7-0.9%
and it goes up outside of africa

 

[Tautalus]

How did E-M2 get to West-Africa? The split between the two E branches occurred in East-Africa.
E-V38, the parent clade of E-M2, originated on East-Africa.
FTDNA traces a path for E-M2 passing through Sudan, Chad, Niger, …, to West Africa.

Ancient Lineages: A 49,000-Year-Old Branch Split in Y-DNA Haplogroup E Confirmed 15 Years After Initial Discovery

A customer with a Family Finder test received a Y-DNA haplogroup that led to the rediscovery of a haplogroup that was discovered 15 years ago.

blog.familytreedna.com

What if the path was more northern? There are studies that suggest this.
Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Haplotypes Reveal Single Origin of the Sickle Allele during the Holocene Wet Phase

From East-Africa to the North, to the Green Sahara, where it may have originated, and from there to the South, to West-Africa (red arrow in the image), carried by a Takarkori-like ancestry, replacing the previous Sub-Saharan original haplogroups A and B.

From the paper mentioned above “Our results provide some suggestions as to where the sickle mutation might have originated. Descendants of the Y chromosome haplogroup E1b1a-V38 migrated across the Sahara from east to west, possibly around 19,000 years ago. E1b1a1-M2 most likely did not originate in eastern or northeastern Africa, but where it originated in either western or central Africa is unclear. Accordingly, the sickle mutation most likely did not occur in eastern or northeastern Africa. Our results indicate that the origin of the sickle mutation was in the middle of the Holocene Wet Phase, or Neolithic Subpluvial, which lasted from ∼7,500–7,000 BC to ∼3,500–3,000 BC. This time was the most recent of the Green Sahara periods, during which the Sahara experienced wet and rainy conditions. Our results thus support the Green Sahara as a possible place of origin of the sickle mutation. An alternative hypothesis is that the sickle allele arose in west-central Africa, possibly in the northwestern portion of the equatorial rainforest.”​

 

[BluRayHiDef]

Tautalus: Thanks for the notification on this study. Really some groundbreaking findings. No need to comment on what was already said in previous post. But the Neanderthal admixture analysis in Figure 4 is really telling. The ancient SW Libyan samples from Takarkori are closer genetically to Katy Klun (45k years ago; Czek Republic) than Mota (4.5k years ago Ethiopia), which is quite astounding.

Ahem.

 

[kingdavid]

it is correct that e-v38 the ancestor of e-m2 originated in east africa
but it is extremely likely e-m2 mutation originated in central africa
and from there its downstream made it to west africa
reducing the numbers of africans under y haplogroups : A, B

p.s
personally for me what is surprising is that this Takarkori female carried some basal type of mtdna N not the more typical African
mtdna L types

TKH001 - N - 祖源树TheYtree

祖源树TheYtree样本：TKH001

www.theytree.com

 

[Palermo Trapani]

Ahem.
View attachment 18135

From the paper, which is all I reported using the analysis they did using f4 statistics per their paper.

"We next explored the direct genetic affinity between Takarkori and the OoA ancestry found in all non-African modern humans, in contrast to African groups. For this, we computed f4 statistics of the form f4(chimpanzee, Zlatý kůň; African, Takarkori). Zlatý kůň, a 45,000-year-old Upper Palaeolithic individual from Czechia, was used
as a proxy for OoA ancestry as it is probably the oldest modern human sequenced to date and represents the deepest known human lineage after the OoA lineage splits from the African lineages47. Our results showed positive values for Takarkori, indicating that it is genetically closer to Zlatý kůň than to sub-Saharan Africans, including Mota,
a 4,500-year-old genome from East Africa. Nevertheless, various African populations with substantial OoA admixture were still genetically closer to Zlatý kůň than to Takarkori (Extended Data Fig. 9 and Supplementary Data 5)."

 

[BluRayHiDef]

From the paper, which is all I reported using the analysis they did using f4 statistics per their paper.

"We next explored the direct genetic affinity between Takarkori and the OoA ancestry found in all non-African modern humans, in contrast to African groups. For this, we computed f4 statistics of the form f4(chimpanzee, Zlatý kůň; African, Takarkori). Zlatý kůň, a 45,000-year-old Upper Palaeolithic individual from Czechia, was used
as a proxy for OoA ancestry as it is probably the oldest modern human sequenced to date and represents the deepest known human lineage after the OoA lineage splits from the African lineages47. Our results showed positive values for Takarkori, indicating that it is genetically closer to Zlatý kůň than to sub-Saharan Africans, including Mota,
a 4,500-year-old genome from East Africa. Nevertheless, various African populations with substantial OoA admixture were still genetically closer to Zlatý kůň than to Takarkori (Extended Data Fig. 9 and Supplementary Data 5)."

I've read that the syntax of the f4 statistics formula that's presented in the article actually tests for Zlaty Kun's relatedness to sub-Saharan Africans vs Zlaty Kun's relatedness to Takarkori.

In other words, it does not test for whether Takarkori was closer to sub-Saharan Africans or Eurasians. The proper syntax should have been the following: f4(chimpanzee, Takarkori; African, Zlaty Kun).

Additionally, I've read that even the Dinka show greater affinity to Zlaty Kun than to fellow SSA groups, despite being SSA themselves: https://***********/Tunicaraptor/status/1907521763761590554?t=ln43kzzdsti89_ycXF7A7g&s=19

 

[Palermo Trapani]

I've read that the syntax of the f4 statistics formula that's presented in the article actually tests for Zlaty Kun's relatedness to sub-Saharan Africans vs Zlaty Kun's relatedness to Takarkori.

In other words, it does not test for whether Takarkori was closer to sub-Saharan Africans or Eurasians. The proper syntax should have been the following: f4(chimpanzee, Takarkori; African, Zlaty Kun).

Additionally, I've read that even the Dinka show greater affinity to Zlaty Kun than to fellow SSA groups, despite being SSA themselves: https://***********/Tunicaraptor/status/1907521763761590554?t=ln43kzzdsti89_ycXF7A7g&s=19

Yes, if you read what they said, some ethnic groups south of the Sahara desert stretching from West to Central to East Africa do have admixture from non-African sources. For example, the Fulani would be one, likely the peoples in Chad, etc. In fact, the paper actually documents that the Fulani, who live on the regions just along the southern border of the Sahel have affinity with the Takarkori given the Fulani are a group with signifcant non SSA admixture (See page 4 of paper). So that is what I think the paper was pointing out.

So yes. It is based on the evidence that some populations in North Africa which are closely related to West Eurasians, along with this Takarkori population, which is was unknown till this study and represents an isolated and divergent group from both non-African source populations and SSA populations (West, Central, East) provided some ancestry to some of the ethnic groups, not all, in West, Central and Eastern Africa. Again, the Fulani are an example per what I noted above. I think the paper shows that while all of the ancient SSA samples analyzed in the study, who are contemporaneous with Takarkori samples had Zero Neanderthal admixture, the modern Yoruba, Mandinka and Dinka have trace signals. So it would be interesting if they can show that perhaps Takarkori is the source of the Neanderthal admixture in those 3 ethnic groups that have it, or maybe Taforalt is also a source. So I am just going off of the discussion related to Figure 4 in the paper.

Thanks for the dialogue, Cheers.

 

[WHGuy]

it is correct that e-v38 the ancestor of e-m2 originated in east africa
but it is extremely likely e-m2 mutation originated in central africa
and from there its downstream made it to west africa
reducing the numbers of africans under y haplogroups : A, B

p.s
personally for me what is surprising is that this Takarkori female carried some basal type of mtdna N not the more typical African
mtdna L types

TKH001 - N - 祖源树TheYtree

祖源树TheYtree样本：TKH001

www.theytree.com

Not entirely surprising when you consider that there is support for diffusion of pre-Indo-European groups from Europe into the Green Sahara.

We have seen EEF and WHG ancestry in samples from the Green Sahara, and still see EEF admixture in Central Saharan populations, most notably the Toubou/Kanuri.

 

[Khopesh_Wielder]

Interesting. If I am reading this correctly, it seems that Lazaridis was wrong about Natufians deriving from Taforalt as the graph shows that no North African or sub-Saharan African admixture entered them and confirms that Natufians are 100% Eurasian.

 

[qh777]

We are dealing with a 3rd race different from OOA and Sub-Saharan Africans.

Abstract

"Although it is one of the most arid regions today, the Sahara Desert was a green savannah during the African Humid Period (AHP) between 14,500 and 5,000 years before present, with water bodies promoting human occupation and the spread of pastoralism in the middle Holocene epoch. DNA rarely preserves well in this region, limiting knowledge of the Sahara’s genetic history and demographic past. Here we report ancient genomic data from the Central Sahara, obtained from two approximately 7,000-year-old Pastoral Neolithic female individuals buried in the Takarkori rock shelter in southwestern Libya. The majority of Takarkori individuals’ ancestry stems from a previously unknown North African genetic lineage that diverged from sub-Saharan African lineages around the same time as present-day humans outside Africa and remained isolated throughout most of its existence. Both Takarkori individuals are closely related to ancestry first documented in 15,000-year-old foragers from Taforalt Cave, Morocco, associated with the Iberomaurusian lithic industry and predating the AHP. Takarkori and Iberomaurusian-associated individuals are equally distantly related to sub-Saharan lineages, suggesting limited gene flow from sub-Saharan to Northern Africa during the AHP. In contrast to Taforalt individuals, who have half the Neanderthal admixture of non-Africans, Takarkori shows ten times less Neanderthal ancestry than Levantine farmers, yet significantly more than contemporary sub-Saharan genomes. Our findings suggest that pastoralism spread through cultural diffusion into a deeply divergent, isolated North African lineage that had probably been widespread in Northern Africa during the late Pleistocene epoch."



The two Takarkori female individuals belong to a basal branch of haplogroup N.

From the paper : "Here we included Takarkori as a possible source of the African ancestry in Taforalt in comparison to several potential sources (namely Yoruba, Dinka, Mota, Cameroon Shum Laka, Botswana Xaro Early Iron Age (EIA) and Tanzania Zanzibar 1,300 cal. bp) through rotation-based qpAdm. We found that Saharan Takarkori provides a much better fit as an African proxy for Taforalt than the sub-Saharan groups, attaining a P value of >0.05, indicative of a much better model fit compared to the other sources (P < 2.84 × 10−34) (Extended Data Figs. 7, 8 and Supplementary Tables 2.6, 2.7). With this revised model, we estimated that the Taforalt ancestry retains a comparable 60.8% (±1.8%) contribution from Natufians, with the remaining 39.2% (±1.8%) derived from Takarkori."

PCA

Very fascinating! This definitely adds support for the existence of ANA. It still makes me wonder if there is a slight Basal Eurasian component, especially since the Green Sahara extended into parts of the Near East during this time frame.

 

[qh777]

Based on the findings of this paper, it does seem to indicate ANA is from an OoA back to Africa migration. Further study is needed of course!

 

[Hawk]

Based on the findings of this paper, it does seem to indicate ANA is from an OoA back to Africa migration. Further study is needed of course!

To my understanding ANA is an African population through and through as much as Sub-Saharan Africans, the layer of difference is that ANA is closer to OOA than to Sub-Saharans when you directly compare the population (this doesn't mean ANA is close to Western Eurasians or OOA), likely because Sub-Saharans have very basal autosomal like Shum-Laka whose original Y-DNA was even on the root of A, A00 something.

I guess pure ANA on phenotype looked different, their remans are noted by archaeologists to be tall and very robust, so called Mechtoid race among anthropologists. There was a mistake made in early anthropology trying to lump ANA/Mechtoids into European Cromagnons due to large skeleton and rugedness but it is clear it is just convergent evolution and they were not closely related. I assume on facial structure they looked quite different from each other.

 

[WHGuy]

To my understanding ANA is an African population through and through as much as Sub-Saharan Africans, the layer of difference is that ANA is closer to OOA than to Sub-Saharans when you directly compare the population (this doesn't mean ANA is close to Western Eurasians or OOA), likely because Sub-Saharans have very basal autosomal like Shum-Laka whose original Y-DNA was even on the root of A, A00 something.

I guess pure ANA on phenotype looked different, their remans are noted by archaeologists to be tall and very robust, so called Mechtoid race among anthropologists. There was a mistake made in early anthropology trying to lump ANA/Mechtoids into European Cromagnons due to large skeleton and rugedness but it is clear it is just convergent evolution and they were not closely related. I assume on facial structure they looked quite different from each other.

It would help if we had DNA from the Tenerian samples, who are phenotypically different than the Mechtoid-like Kiffians.

 

[qh777]

To my understanding ANA is an African population through and through as much as Sub-Saharan Africans, the layer of difference is that ANA is closer to OOA than to Sub-Saharans when you directly compare the population (this doesn't mean ANA is close to Western Eurasians or OOA), likely because Sub-Saharans have very basal autosomal like Shum-Laka whose original Y-DNA was even on the root of A, A00 something.

I guess pure ANA on phenotype looked different, their remans are noted by archaeologists to be tall and very robust, so called Mechtoid race among anthropologists. There was a mistake made in early anthropology trying to lump ANA/Mechtoids into European Cromagnons due to large skeleton and rugedness but it is clear it is just convergent evolution and they were not closely related. I assume on facial structure they looked quite different from each other.

The slight Neanderthal admixture is another indicator for a Out of Africa origin of ANA. Perhaps what we're calling ANA, is the result of an Out of Africa population moving back into Africa and mixing with a deeper North African population like perhaps people associated with the Aterian culture.

 

[qh777]

Question: Which one of these are the correct scaled coordinates?

Libya_Takarkori_N:TKH001,-0.455292,0.076165,-0.006411,-0.023579,0.00954,-0.015618,-0.059458,0.034845,0.076492,-0.022597,-0.005034,0.002098,0.01888,-0.025873,0.033116,-0.025855,0.009909,-0.029138,-0.037709,0.006503,-0.013726,-0.046493,0.027361,-0.002651,0.00491
Libya_Takarkori_N:TKH001_tr.SG.TW,-0.458707,0.076165,-0.002263,-0.028101,0.01231,-0.017291,-0.057578,0.034152,0.07506,-0.017859,-0.001786,0.006145,0.021556,-0.027525,0.03203,-0.02201,0.012126,-0.032179,-0.041229,0.003502,-0.014724,-0.043526,0.026991,-0.005181,0.002754
Libya_Takarkori_N:TKH001_tr_all,-0.455292,0.078196,-0.003771,-0.026486,0.010463,-0.018965,-0.058518,0.032537,0.077719,-0.019864,-0.001786,0.003897,0.020664,-0.025598,0.033387,-0.023734,0.010561,-0.032559,-0.036452,0.007504,-0.0141,-0.045504,0.029703,-0.006868,0.010179


Libya_Takarkori_N:TKH001,-0.04,0.0075,-0.0017,-0.0073,0.0031,-0.0056,-0.0253,0.0151,0.0374,-0.0124,-0.0031,0.0014,0.0127,-0.0188,0.0244,-0.0195,0.0076,-0.023,-0.03,0.0052,-0.011,-0.0376,0.0222,-0.0022,0.0041
Libya_Takarkori_N:TKH001_tr.SG.TW,-0.0403,0.0075,-0.0006,-0.0087,0.004,-0.0062,-0.0245,0.0148,0.0367,-0.0098,-0.0011,0.0041,0.0145,-0.02,0.0236,-0.0166,0.0093,-0.0254,-0.0328,0.0028,-0.0118,-0.0352,0.0219,-0.0043,0.0023