Haplogroups of European kings and queens

[Maciamo]

Two weeks ago, I mentioned that members of the House of Oldenburg belonged to haplogroup R1b, based on Tsar Nicholas II's DNA. Here is a summary of all European kings and queens (and crown princes) whose haplogroup can be deduced from the testing of a relative.

Britain & Scandinavia

Kings & Queens of England or Great Britain

Edward IV (1442-1483) => J1c2c (mtDNA)
Richard III (1452-1485) => J1c2c (mtDNA)
James I (1566-1625) => R1b-L21 (Y-DNA)
Charles I (1600-1649) => T2 (mtDNA) ; R1b-L21 (Y-DNA)
Henrietta Maria of France (1609-1669) => H (mtDNA)
Charles II (1630-1685) => H (mtDNA) ; R1b-L21 (Y-DNA)
James II (1633-1701) => H (mtDNA) ; R1b-L21 (Y-DNA)
William III (1650-1702) => H (mtDNA)
George I (1660-1727) => T2 (mtDNA)
George III (1738-1820) => T2 (mtDNA)
Victoria (1819-1901) => H (mtDNA)
Edward VII (1841-1910) => H (mtDNA) R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Alexandra of Denmark (1844-1925) => T2 (mtDNA)
George V (1865-1936) => T2 (mtDNA) R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Edward VIII (1894-1972) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
George VI (1895-1952) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh => H (mtDNA) ; R1b (Y-DNA)
Charles, Prince of Wales => R1b (Y-DNA)
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge => R30b (mtDNA) ; R1b (Y-DNA)

Kings & Queens of Scotland

James III (1451-1488) => U5b* (mtDNA)

Kings & Queens of Denmark

Sigrid the Haughty (968-1014) => => H (mtDNA)
Harald II (980-1018) => H (mtDNA)
Canute the Great (994-1035) => H (mtDNA)
Sweyn II Estridson (1019-1076) => H (mtDNA)
Canute V of Denmark (1129-1157) => Z1a (mtDNA)
Sophia of Minsk, Queen consort of Denmark (ca. 1140-1198) => Z1a (mtDNA)
King Canute VI of Denmark (1163–1202) => Z1a (mtDNA)
King Valdemar II of Denmark (1170–1241) => Z1a (mtDNA)
Queen Richeza of Denmark (1190-1220) => Z1a (mtDNA)
Olaf II of Denmark & Norway (1370-1387) => I1 (Y-DNA)
Elizabeth (1524-1586) => T2 (mtDNA)
Anne (1574-1619) => T2 (mtDNA)
Juliana Maria of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1729-1796) => H3 (mtDNA)
Margrethe II (1940-) => H (mtDNA)

All the Kings of Denmark since Christian I (reigned from 1448) belonged to haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)

• Christian I (1426-1481)
• John (1455-1513)
• Christian II (1481-1559)
• Frederick I
• Christian III => T2 (mtDNA)
• Frederick II
• Christian IV => T2 (mtDNA)
• Frederick III
• Christian V
• Frederick IV
• Christian VI
• Frederick V
• Christian VII
• Frederick VI => T2 (mtDNA)
• Christian VIII => T2 (mtDNA)
• Frederick VII
• Christian IX (1818-1906)
• Frederick VIII (1843-1912) => T2 (mtDNA)
• Christian X (1870-1947)
• Frederick IX (1899-1972)

Kings of Norway

Rikissa Birgersdotter of Sweden, Queen of Norway (c.1237-1288) => Z1a (mtDNA)
Haakon VI of Sweden & Norway (1340-1380) => I1 (Y-DNA)

=> See Kings of Denmark from Christian I to Frederick VI.

Haakon VII (1872-1957) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Olav V (1903-1991) => T2 (mtDNA) ; R1b (Y-DNA)
Harald V (1937-) => R1b (Y-DNA)

Kings & Queens of Sweden

Olof Skötkonung (980-1022) => H (mtDNA)
Richeza of Poland, Queen of Sweden (1116-1156) => Z1a (mtDNA)
Valdemar I of Sweden (1239–1302) => I1 (Y-DNA), Z1a (mtDNA)
Magnus III of Sweden (1240-1290) => I1 (Y-DNA), Z1a (mtDNA)
Birger I of Sweden (1280-1321) => I1 (Y-DNA)
Valdemar, Duke of Finland (1280s-1318) => I1 (Y-DNA)
Magnus IV of Sweden (1316-1374) => I1 (Y-DNA)
Eric XII of Sweden (1339-1359) => I1 (Y-DNA)
Haakon VI of Sweden & Norway (1340-1380) => I1 (Y-DNA)
Christian I (1426-1481) => R1b (Y-DNA)
John (1455-1513) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Christian II (1481-1559) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) => T2 (mtDNA)
Charles X Gustav (1622-1660) => T2 (mtDNA)
Christina of Sweden (1626-1689) => H (mtDNA)
Margaret of Connaught (1882-1920) => H (mtDNA)
Louise Mountbatten (1889-1965) => H (mtDNA)
Ingrid (1910-2000) => H (mtDNA)
Carl XVI Gustaf (1946-) => H (mtDNA)

Benelux, Germany & Austro-Hungary

Kings & Queens of Germany

Elisabeth of Bavaria (c. 1227-1273) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Elizabeth of Carinthia (1262-1312) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Frederick the Fair, Duke of Austria and King of Germany (1289-1330) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Joanna of Bavaria, Queen of Germany and Bohemia (c. 1362–1386) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Albert II of Germany (1397-1439) => U5b* (mtDNA)

Holy Roman Emperors & Empress

Barbara of Celje (1390-1451) => T2 (mtDNA)
Maximilian II of Habsburg (1527-1576) => H (mtDNA)
Ferdinand II of Habsburg (1578-1637) => H (mtDNA)
Leopold I of Habsburg (1640-1705) => H (mtDNA)
Maria Amalia of Austria (1701-1756) => N1b (mtDNA)
Maria Josepha of Bavaria (1739-1767) => N1b (mtDNA)
Maria Luisa of Spain (1745-1792) => N1b (mtDNA)
Leopold II of Habsburg (1747-1792) => H3 (mtDNA)
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (1768-1835) => N1b (mtDNA)

Margraves, Dukes & Archdukes of Austria

Leopold I, Margrave of Austria (died 994) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Henry I, Margrave of Austria (died 1018) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Adalbert, Margrave of Austria (c. 985-1055) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Ernest, Margrave of Austria (1027-1075) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Leopold II, Margrave of Austria (1050-1095) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Leopold III, Margrave of Austria (1073-1136) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria, aka Leopold I, Duke of Bavaria (1108-1141) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Henry II, Duke of Austria, aka Henry XI, also Duke of Bavaria (1107-1177) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Leopold V, Duke of Austria (1157-1194) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Frederick I, Duke of Austria (c. 1175-1198) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (1176-1230) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Frederick II, Duke of Austria (1211-1246) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Rudolf I of Habsburg, Duke of Austria and Styria, King of Bohemia, and titular King of Poland (1282-1307) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Frederick I the Fair, Duke of Austria and Styria, and King of Germany (1289-1330) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Leopold I of Habsburg, Duke of Austria and Styria (1290-1326) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Albert II of Habsburg, Duke of Austria (1298-1358) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Otto I of Habsburg, Duke of Austria (1301-1339) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Albert II, King of Germany and Archduke of Austria (1397-1439) => U5b* (mtDNA)

Emperors & Empress of Austria

Maria Theresa (1717-1780) => H3 (mtDNA)
Joseph II (1741-1790) => H3 (mtDNA)
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (1768-1835)) => N1b (mtDNA)
Ferdinand I (1793-1875) => H3 (mtDNA)
Charles I (1887-1922) => H (mtDNA)

Dukes/Kings & Queens of Bavaria

Louis II, Duke of Bavaria (1229-1294) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria (1235-1290) => U5b* (mtDNA)
William II, Duke of Bavaria, Count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut (1365–1417) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Albert II (1369-1397) => U5b* (mtDNA)
John III, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing, Count of Holland and Hainaut (1374/76-1425) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut (1417-1479) => U5b* (mtDNA)

Dukes/Kings & Queens of Bohemia

Boleslaus II the Pious (920-999) => H (mtDNA)
Henry VI of Carinthia (c. 1270–1335) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Rudolf I of Habsburg (1282-1307) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Joanna of Bavaria (c. 1362–1386) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Albert II of Germany (1397-1439) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Elisabeth of Bohemia (1409–1442) => T2 (mtDNA)
Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary (1456-1516) => T2 (mtDNA)
Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (1503-1546) => H (mtDNA)
Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662) => T2 (mtDNA)
Ferdinand IV of Bohemia and Hungary (1633-1654) => H (mtDNA)
Maria Amalia of Austria (1701-1756) => N1b (mtDNA)
Maria Luisa of Spain (1745-1792) => N1b (mtDNA)

Kings & Queens of Prussia

Frederick William I of Prussia (1688-1740) => T2 (mtDNA)
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern (1715-1797) => H3 (mtDNA)
Frederick William II (1744-1797) => H3 (mtDNA)

Emperors & Empress of Germany

Victoria of Prussia (1840-1901) => H (mtDNA)
Wilhelm II (1859-1941) => H (mtDNA)

Kings of Saxony

Frederick Augustus II (1797-1854) => H3 (mtDNA)
John I (1801-1873) => H3 (mtDNA)

Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland

Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (1567-1625) => T2 (mtDNA)

Kings of the Netherlands & Grand Duke of Luxembourg

William I (1772-1843) => H3 (mtDNA)

Kings & Queens of the Belgians

Leopold I (1790-1865) => H (mtDNA) R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Marie-Louise of France (1812-1850) => H3 (mtDNA)
Leopold II (1835-1909) => H3 (mtDNA) R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Albert I (1875-1934) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Leopold III (1901-1983) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Baldwin I (1930-1993) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Albert II (b. 1934) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)

Italy, France, Spain & Portugal

Kings & Queens of France

All kings of France supposedly belonged to haplogroup R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA).

Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France (1175-1236) => Z1a (mtDNA)
Francis I (1494-1547) => U5b* (mtDNA)
Henry IV (1553-1610) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) U5b* (mtDNA)
Marie de' Medici (1575-1642) => H (mtDNA)
Louis XIII (1601-1643) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) H (mtDNA)
Maria Theresa of Spain (1638-1683) => H (mtDNA)
Louis, Dauphin of France (1661–1711) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) H (mtDNA)
Louis XV (1710-1774) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) H (mtDNA)
Louis XVI (1754-1793) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) N1b (mtDNA)
Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793) => H3 (mtDNA)
Louis XVII (1785-1795) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) H3 (mtDNA)
Louis XVIII of France (1755-1824) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) N1b (mtDNA)
Charles X of France (1757-1836) => R1b-Z381 (Y-DNA) N1b (mtDNA)

Emperors & Empress of France

Napoleon I (1769-1821) => E-M34 (Y-DNA) H (mtDNA)
Marie Louise of Austria (1791-1847) => H3 (mtDNA)
Napoleon II (1811-1832) => H3 (mtDNA)

Kings & Queens of the French

Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies (1782-1866) => H3 (mtDNA)

Kings of Italy

Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878) => H3 (mtDNA)

Grand Duke of Tuscany

Archduchess Joanna of Austria (1547–1578) => H (mtDNA)
Ferdinando II de' Medici (1610-1670) => H (mtDNA)

Dukes of Parma

All dukes of the House of Bourbon-Parma descended from Philip V of Spain, himself a grandson of Louis XIV of France, and therefore presumably belonging to Y-haplogroup R1b-Z381.

King of Sardinia

Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (1701-1773) => H (mtDNA)
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (1779–1849) => H3 (mtDNA)
Maria Theresa of Tuscany (1801-1855) => H3 (mtDNA)

Kings of the Two Sicilies

All the kings of the Two Sicilies presumably belonged to Y-haplogroup R1b-Z381 as members of the House of Bourbon.

Kings & Queens of Spain

Philip I of Castile, King of Castile and ruler of the Burgundian Netherlands => U5b* (mtDNA)
Margaret of Austria (1584–1611) => H (mtDNA)
Philip IV (1605-1665) => H (mtDNA)
Elisabeth of France (1602–1644) => H (mtDNA)
Mariana of Austria (1634-1696) => H (mtDNA)
Charles II (1661-1700) => H (mtDNA)
Marie Louise of Orléans (1662-1689) => H (mtDNA)
Maria Luisa of Savoy (1688-1714) => H (mtDNA)
Ferdinand VI (1713-1759) => H (mtDNA)
Maria Amalia of Saxony (1724-1760) => N1b (mtDNA)
Charles IV of Spain (1748-1819) => N1b (mtDNA)
Maria Josepha of Saxony (1803-1829) => H3 (mtDNA)
Isabella II (1830-1904) => H (mtDNA)
Alfonso XII (1857-1885) => H (mtDNA)
Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (1887-1969) => H (mtDNA)
Sofia (1938-) => H (mtDNA)
Felipe, Prince of Asturias (1968-) => H (mtDNA)

Kings & Queens of Portugal

Maria II (1819-1853) => H (mtDNA)
Pedro V (1837-1861) => H (mtDNA) R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Luís I (1838-1889) => H (mtDNA) R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Carlos I (1863-1908) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Manuel II (1889-1932) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)

Emperors & Empress of Brazil

Maria Leopoldina of Austria (1797-1826) => H3 (mtDNA)

Emperors & Empress of Mexico

Charlotte of Belgium (1840-1927) => H3 (mtDNA)

Eastern Europe

Dukes/Kings & Queens of Poland

Boleslaw I Chrobry (967-1025) => H (mtDNA)
Elisabeth of Austria (1436-1505) => T2 (mtDNA)
John I Albert (1459-1501) => T2 (mtDNA)
Alexander Jagiellon (1461-1506) => T2 (mtDNA)
Sigismund I of Poland (1467-1548) => T2 (mtDNA)
Catherine of Austria (1533-1572) => H (mtDNA)
Anna of Austria (1573-1598) => H (mtDNA)
Wladyslaw IV Vasa (1595-1648) => H (mtDNA)
Constance of Austria (1588-1631) => H (mtDNA)
John II Casimir Vasa (1609-1672) => H (mtDNA)
Marie Louise Gonzaga (1611-1667) => N1b (mtDNA)
Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria (1653-1697) => H (mtDNA)
Marie Thérèse de Bourbon (1666-1732) => N1b (mtDNA)

Grand Princes of Kiev

According to the descendant testing listed at the Russian Nobility DNA Project at FTDNA, the branch of the Rurik dynasty descended from Vladimir II Monomakh (Monomakhoviches) belong to Y-DNA haplogroup N1c1, while the branch descended from his presumed paternal cousin Oleg I of Chernigov (Olgoviches) belonged to R1a1a. The Y-DNA from the Proto-Rurikid branches is N1c1 and matches the distinctive haplotype of the Monomakhoviches. Furthermore, this N1c1 haplotype possess the distinctive value DYS390=23, found in Scandinavia but not in Uralic populations, confirming that this was indeed the original haplotype of the Varangian prince Rurik (c. 830-c. 879) who established the Kievan Rus'.

The N1c1 Monomakhoviches include:

• Vladimir II Monomakh (1053-1125)
• Mstislav I of Kiev (1076-1132)
• Yaropolk II of Kiev (1082-1139)
• Viacheslav I of Kiev (1083-1154)
• Yuri Dolgorukiy (c. 1090-1157)
• Iziaslav II of Kiev (c. 1097-1154)
• Rostislav I of Kiev (c. 1110–1167)
• Yaroslav II of Kiev (c. 1132-1180)
• Roman the Great (c. 1152-1205) => Z1a (mtDNA)
• Rurik Rostislavich (?–1215)
• Ingvar of Kiev (c. 1152-1220)
• Mstislav III of Kiev (died 1223)
• Rostislav II of Kiev (1173-1214)
• Vladimir IV Rurikovich (1187-1239)
• Daniel of Galicia (c. 1201-1264)
• Alexander Nevsky (1220-1263)
• Lev I of Galicia (c. 1228-c. 1301)
• Yaroslav of Tver (1230–1271)
• Yuri I of Galicia (1252-1308), King of Galicia-Volhynia (or King of Rus')
• Andrew of Galicia (?-1323), King of Galicia-Volhynia
• Lev II of Galicia (?-1323), King of Galicia-Volhynia

Grand Dukes of Lithuania

According to the descendant testing listed at the Russian Nobility DNA Project at FTDNA, the House of Gediminas (1285–1440), also known as Gediminids, belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup N1c1.

Tsars & Empress of Russia

Peter II (1715-1730) => H3 (mtDNA)

Romanov dynasty since Paul I => R1b (Y-DNA) :

• Paul I (1754-1801)
• Alexander I (1777-1825)
• Constantine I (1779-1831)
• Nicholas I (1796-1855)
• Alexander II (1818-1881)
• Alexander III (1845-1894)
• Nicholas II (1868-1918) => T2 (mtDNA)

Maria Feodorovna (1847-1928) => H (mtDNA)
Alexandra Feodorovna (1872-1918) => H (mtDNA)

Kings & Queens of Greece

George I (1845-1913) => T2 (mtDNA) ; R1b (Y-DNA)
Constantine I (1868-1923) => R1b (Y-DNA)
Sophia of Prussia (1870-1932) => H (mtDNA)
Princess Alice of Battenberg (1885-1969) => H (mtDNA)
Alexander (1893-1920) => H (mtDNA) ; R1b (Y-DNA)
George II (1890-1947) => H (mtDNA) ; R1b (Y-DNA)
Paul (1901-1964) => H (mtDNA)
Anne-Marie (1946-) => H (mtDNA)
Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (1967-) => H (mtDNA)

Kings of Romania

Ferdinand I (1865-1927) => H (mtDNA)
Michael (1921-) => H (mtDNA)

Tsars of Bulgaria

Ferdinand I (1861-1948) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Boris III (1894-1943) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)
Simeon II (b. 1937) => R1b-U106 (Z305+) (Y-DNA)

[Maciamo]

Only 1 Y-DNA and 4 mtDNA lineages were used to compile the above list. The people tested were (with the known mitochondrial mutations) :

- King Sweyn II of Denmark (mtDNA haplogroup H)

DNA tested from the king's remains at Roskilde Cathedral. His earliest recorded matrilineal ancestor was Dubrawka of Bohemia (died 977).

- Tzar Nicholas II of Russia (mtDNA haplogroup T2 : 16126C, 16169Y*, 16294T, 16296T, 73G, 263G, 315.1C)
* heteroplasmy for 16169Y (common within haplogroup T).

All the members of haplogroup T2 above descend from Adelheid von Alpeck (died 1280), daughter of Witegow von Alpeck.

Their most recent common matrilineal ancestor is Elisabeth of Bohemia (1409–1442), daughter of Sigismund of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor, and Barbara of Celje.

- Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (haplogroup H : 263G, 315.1C, 16111T, 16357C)

Both of them descend in matrilineal line from Queen Victoria. This lineage's oldest known matrilineal ancestor would be Mathilde, mother of Cecile de Provence-Arles (died in 1150).

The most recent common ancestor of the people on this page is Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (1503-1546).

The subclade of H cannot be identified without results from the coding region. The 16111 mutation suggest that it might be H2.

- Emperess Maria Theresa of Austria (haplogroup H : 152C, 194T, 263G, 315.1C, 16519C)

Various matrilineal descendants of Maria Theresa were tested and confirmed to belong to the same haplogroup.

This lineage's oldest known matrilineal ancestor is Anna Katherina von Salm-Kyrburg (1614-1647).

The most recent common ancestor to all the above-mentioned is Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen, who was the maternal grandmother of Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen Elisabeth Christine of Prussia, Queen Juliane Marie of Denmark and Tsar Peter II of Russia.

This lineage is possibly H3 (mentioned as such above to differentiate it from the H lineage descending from Anne of Bohemia).


It's interesting to see that 3 out of the 4 lineages descend from a Queen/Duchess of Bohemia.

[Tourbillion]

Wow, great work! :)

[Maciamo]

According to the Stuart/Stewart Project at FTDNA, King Charles II of Great Britain would have been R1b-L21. This is concordant with the history of the House of Stuart, who traces its roots to Brittany (a region with a high frequency of R-L21) before settling in Scotland during the Norman period.

[ylebzh]

Great work indeed !
Very interesting, but if you isolate the Ydna, all these families are related to each other, mainly through Victoria, as she placed her many daughters quite wisely throughout Europe.
There is also different dynasties, not always related through paternal line, and I see very few Ydna's, wondering why .....

[Nicolas Peucelle]

"whose haplogroup can be deduced from the testing of a relative". I think that you should be a bit careful with this way of proceeding because Y chromosomes can easy be given by other men than "supposed to be fathers" especially if they just figure on old papers. I think that such an Y-DNA test would be very interesting in the case of the son of Catherine the Great of Russia. Because if the Y-chromosome of her son is not the same as the Y chromosome of her husband Tsar "Peter III", but of her good friend Sergei Saltykov, this would show that "legitimacy" is a far more "idealistic" value, also in dynasties than a reality based on real direct biological lineage.

[Maciamo]

"whose haplogroup can be deduced from the testing of a relative". I think that you should be a bit careful with this way of proceeding because Y chromosomes can easy be given by other men than "supposed to be fathers" especially if they just figure on old papers. I think that such an Y-DNA test would be very interesting in the case of the son of Catherine the Great of Russia. Because if the Y-chromosome of her son is not the same as the Y chromosome of her husband Tsar "Peter III", but of her good friend Sergei Saltykov, this would show that "legitimacy" is a far more "idealistic" value, also in dynasties than a reality based on real direct biological lineage.

I agree that paternity can easily be "compromised". However, Nicholas II Romanov's relatedness to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was proven by comparing both Y-DNA. It means that the lineages that separate them ar at least uncompromised.

[Nicolas Peucelle]

Yes, no doubts for the family lineage after Paul I. But the main question may remain a bit unsolved.. Is the Tsar Paul I a "Romanov" or is he not. I guess that later on, over the generations, thanks to all kinds of cousin marriages the biological Romanov blood line was re-entering anyhow into the official Tsar family "through the back door". It is a bit "sad" to imagine that a man like Peter The Great may have no descendants at all today? Except for illegitimate unknown children. (I admit I didn't check precisely into the details of the other official daughters he had.. but his personal Y-Chromosome lineage for sure was ending because of all his sons deaths before they had sons.).

[^ lynx ^]

Interesting. Great work.

[GIFT_OF_ISIS]

Nicholas II Romanov's relatedness to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was proven by comparing both Y-DNA...

Dear Maciamo,

Could you please point me to where it is possible to read about their comparison?

[Aristander]

Yes, no doubts for the family lineage after Paul I. But the main question may remain a bit unsolved.. Is the Tsar Paul I a "Romanov" or is he not. I guess that later on, over the generations, thanks to all kinds of cousin marriages the biological Romanov blood line was re-entering anyhow into the official Tsar family "through the back door". It is a bit "sad" to imagine that a man like Peter The Great may have no descendants at all today? Except for illegitimate unknown children. (I admit I didn't check precisely into the details of the other official daughters he had.. but his personal Y-Chromosome lineage for sure was ending because of all his sons deaths before they had sons.).

I can't remember exactly where I saw something about this, but I believe that recently I saw an article that verified Pavel Petrovich as the son of Peter III and not the product of an affair with Sergei Saltykov. I believe the evidence was DNA based but I cannot find the article now.

[Melusine]

Maciamo,

Thank you so much for posting the haplogroups of the European Kings and Queens.
Very informative. I also study history as a hobby.

While my direct paternal line is G, my mother's father (French ancestry)was hg I+++ (eye) he came from La Rochelle. My mother's maternal grandfather was R1b++
(Iberian ancestry). Males cousins from both lines tested for our family.

Melusine

[willy]

Louis XVII (1785-1795) => G2a3 (Y-DNA) H9 (mtDNA)

He is supposed to be G2a3b1 and very probably L140 +

[DavidCoutts]

What, no Robert de Bruce?
I'm reminded of the joke from one of Sir Terry Prattchet's Discworld novels, "The royal family had died out because they had inbred so much the last king kept trying to breed with himself..."

[Maciamo]

The Y-DNA and full mtDNA sequence of Napoleon Bonaparte are being tested. The results for the HVR1 section of mtDNA have already been disclosed. Only one rare mutation (16184C) was found to differ from the CRS. It's not enough to determine the haplogroup with certainty, but it is probably a subclade of hg H.

[AndersB]

Maciamo,

I believe there is an error in your first post in this thread.

You write:


Kings & Queens of Denmark

Sigrid the Haughty (968-1014) => => H5a (mtDNA)
Harald II (980-1018) => H5a (mtDNA)
Canute the Great (994-1035) => H5a (mtDNA)
Sweyn II Estridson (1019-1076) => H5a (mtDNA)

There must have been a mixup here. The haplogroup of Sweyn Estridson is not H5a but just H. The grave previously thought to belong to his mother Estrid cannot be Estrid, since the woman in that grave was of haplogroup H5a. Since Sweyn must have the same mtDNA haplogroup as his mother that woman in the grave cannot be his mother! The identity of Sweyn's grave is considered to be well established.

See the scientific article here
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16687224

The haplogroup of the persons cited should thus be changed from H5a to H.

/Anders
admin
Swedish Haplogroup Database
dna.scangen.se/?lang=en

[Antigone]

Very interesting, but if you isolate the Ydna, all these families are related to each other, mainly through Victoria, as she placed her many daughters quite wisely throughout Europe.

They are all related mainly through the Danish royal family, even the Greek royal family was originally Danish. But Victoria did help a bit, Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra, Wilhelm II of Germany and George V of Great Britain were all first cousins.

Quite a family resemblence
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ts...g_George_V.JPG

[Maciamo]

Maciamo,

I believe there is an error in your first post in this thread.

You write:


Kings & Queens of Denmark

Sigrid the Haughty (968-1014) => => H5a (mtDNA)
Harald II (980-1018) => H5a (mtDNA)
Canute the Great (994-1035) => H5a (mtDNA)
Sweyn II Estridson (1019-1076) => H5a (mtDNA)

There must have been a mixup here. The haplogroup of Sweyn Estridson is not H5a but just H. The grave previously thought to belong to his mother Estrid cannot be Estrid, since the woman in that grave was of haplogroup H5a. Since Sweyn must have the same mtDNA haplogroup as his mother that woman in the grave cannot be his mother! The identity of Sweyn's grave is considered to be well established.

See the scientific article here
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16687224

The haplogroup of the persons cited should thus be changed from H5a to H.

/Anders
admin
Swedish Haplogroup Database
dna.scangen.se/?lang=en

Sorry, you are right. I copied the mistake from Wikipedia !

[Wilhelm]

Wikipedia is not reliable at all when it comes to population-genetics.

[AndersB]

Sorry, you are right. I copied the mistake from Wikipedia !

Okey, I see! I corrected the Wikipedia article.

Best regards,
Anders

[stewart]

Maciamo wrote: "haplogroup can be deduced from the testing of a relative"

Where can I see the test results and name of the male relative of a king of Scotland or England whose Y-DNA was tested in order to deduce the haplogroup of the House of Stewart, Maciamo?

What is the primary source of your information about the Stewart kings?

The web page at http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Stuart/default.aspx states that according to ftDNA's Deep Clade tests of several dukes, the House of Stewart belongs to Y-haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1b4 (R-L 21) (previously named R1b1b2a1b5). None of these Dukes' test results are shown.

[al-kochol]

It is unlikely that a biological father of prince Albert was Ernest of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

Ernest was noted for his antipathy to women, and it was rumored at the time that his treasurer, a Jew, had relieved the Duke of the distressing duty of engendering an heir. There was no suggestion of alternate parentage, for it was only after the birth of her two sons, at an interval of fourteen months, that Duchess Louise felt that she had discharged her duty, and no longer had to content herself with an ersatz husband, whom many gallant gentlemen gladly replaced.

http://www.revilo-oliver.com/rpo/Kosher_Kings.html

If the above is true, Prince William is likely to have R1a haplotype (in case Duke Ernest's treasurer was an Ashkenazi Jew) or, alternatively, one of "semitic" haplotypes of Y-DNA (in case the treasurer was a Sephardi Jew).

[Archaeogenetics]

It is unlikely that a biological father of prince Albert was Ernest of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

http://www.revilo-oliver.com/rpo/Kosher_Kings.html

If the above is true, Prince William is likely to have R1a haplotype (in case Duke Ernest's treasurer was an Ashkenazi Jew) or, alternatively, one of "semitic" haplotypes of Y-DNA (in case the treasurer was a Sephardi Jew).

It would be nice if it were true IMHO, but no such luck.



Maybe the point of that story was originally to embarrass the Duke of Windsor.

Was Albert the only son of Ernst of Saxe-Coberg-Gotha?

Anyway, Prince Philip Mountbatten who is William's grandfather tested, and he matches the House of Oldenberg and Czar Nicholas, as above.

[Archaeogenetics]

What is interesting though is that Prince William and Harry's and their mother Diana's mtDNA ancestor "Eliza" was a native of Mumbai, but later her descendants pretended she was "Armenian" to make their ancestry more acceptable:
http://thepeerage.com/p41284.htm#i412832

http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap150.htm

... her great-great grandmother Eliza Kewark was a dark-skinned native of Bombay who had lived, without benefit of matrimony, with her great-great-grandfather Theodore Forbes while he worked for the East India Company. Unsavory as the taint of illegitimacy was, even at that distance in time, it was nothing compared with the stigma of what was then known as "colored blood." Had it been generally known that Ruth and her children were part-Indian, they might never have made good marriages. Eliza's true race was therefore expunged from the family tree and she reemerged as an Armenian. This fiction was maintained even when Diana married the Prince of Wales.

It would be interesting to test their mtDNA. If it turns out that they are part South Asian then it might result in some positive publicity nowadays for the British Monarchy.

[Archaeogenetics]

All kings of France supposedly belonged to haplogroup G2a3 (Y-DNA).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capetian_dynasty

All we know is that a few STRs from a bloody handkerchief and one two SNPs indicate that the blood on the handkerchief was from a man who was G2a3-something, possibly G2a3b1a-L140, although the haplotype is very unusual and doesn't match anyone we have now.

Dried blood from 220 years ago on some random object is not the same as actually testing the living descendants of a family.

The sources for the ancestry of Robert the Strong, Count of Paris, d. 866, the ancestor of the Capetians:
http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hp...v/rober100.htm

I keep telling Willy and the rest that there are plenty of patrilineal Capetian descendants out there, including some "Miguelist" Bragança from Portugal. Many of the Kings of Europe over the centuries were Capetians. Almost all the Americas was ruled by three Capetian monarchs from 1714-1760.

There are hundreds of Capetian descendants, and many are legitimate yet not in the line of succession.

This is EU-pedia, but no one wants to test them?

I suggest we start with a Miguelist Bragança, and a Bourbon, who share a hypothetical common ancestor in Robert II King of France b. 975 and test them for Y-111 and a full SNP test. That will not only give us some answers about the unknown origins of Robert the Strong Count of Paris, but if they in fact match it would give us a very rough idea of what two divergent haplotypes look like at 111 STRs after 1000 years.

For all of you who insist that "G2a" was the "Origin of the Frankish Nobility":
http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hp...v/rober100.htm

Much attention has been attracted by the account of Richer of Reims, writing in the 990's, who is the only early author to give a supposed name for the father of Robert. Richer states that Robert was of the knightly class and that Robert's father (literally, the paternal grandfather of king Eudes) was a German named Witichinus ["Hic patrem habuit ex equestri ordine Rotbertum; avum vero paternum, Witichinum advenam Germanem." Richer, i, 5, MGH SS 3: 570]. The name Widukind (Witichinus) is a name of Saxon origin, borne not only by the above historian, but also the name of the principal leader of the Saxons who fought against Charlemagne. Thus, in apparent support of Richer, we have the account of Aimoin of Fleury, writing just after 1000, who states that Robert was of Saxon origin ["... Rotbertus Andegavensis comes, Saxonici generis vir, ..." Aimoin, Miracula S. Benedicti, i, 1, MGH SS 9: 374]. Against a Saxon origin for Robert we have not only the early evidence mentioned above, but the specific evidence of Widukind, the historian of the Saxons, who was writing a generation before Richer and Aimoin, and who, as noted above, indicates nothing of a Saxon origin for Robert's dynasty. As was pointed out by Lot, it is also possible here that Aimoin's "Saxon" did not refer to ethnic origin, but just indicated that the geographical origin of the family was from Germany, ruled by a Saxon dynasty at the time that Aimoin was writing [Lot (1902), 432, n. 1; Werner (1997), 12].

If this family is in fact G2a3*, then they are likely to be what Ray calls "G2a3b1a6 - DYS643=9".
The two closest matches would be from Heisterbach [Abbey] near Königswinter in North-Rhine-Westphalia Germany and Hilsenheim in the Bas-Rhin Department in Alsace France. These places are very close to where we'd expect Robert's ancestors to have come from in the most accepted theory:

• What early evidence that exists for the place of origin of Robert le Fort has him coming from East Francia, or more specifically the region around Mainz, Worms, and Speier, and places him in a family of noble but not royal blood.
• Meingaud, count of Wormsgau and Mayenfeld, who died in 892, appears in Regino of Prüm's annals as a nepos of king Eudes, son of Robert le Fort.
• A Robert, son of count Robert, donated two manses in Mettenheim in Wormsgau with appurtenances to the monastery of Lorsch in 836×7. This Robert's father was evidently count in Wormsgau.
• In 876, a count Meingaud of Wormsgau (probably not the same man who died in 892, but at the very least a relative) and his nepos Eudes (Voto) donated one manse in Mettenheim with appurtenances to Lorsch. This common connection to Mettenhem suggests that Meingaud was closely related to the Robert of 836×7.
• Since the appearance of a Meingaud, relative of king Eudes son of Robert le Fort on one hand, compared to Robert, apparent relative of a Meingaud and his nepos Eudes on the other hand, is unlikely to be a coincidence, and since Robert son of Robert appears in precisely the area where we would expect to find Robert le Fort, the evidence points strongly to the conclusion that they were the same man.

Maybe one Capetian descendant reading this page will volunteer to be tested?

Until someone tests some Capetians, it seems to me that this page in Eupedia has pretty much nothing to say about the DNA of the Kings and Queens of Europe. I could have guessed "R1b", "H" and "T2" in my sleep.