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Quote from Reich himself: "The impermeability of Anatolia to exogenous migration contrasts with our finding that the Yamnaya had two distinct gene flows, both from West Asia, suggesting that the Indo-Anatolian language family originated in the eastern wing of the Southern Arc and that the steppe...

1 - The Mycenaeans had less than 20% steppe ancestry, yet they were Indo-Europeans. 2 - Couldn't it have been the CHG/Iran_N women who introduced the archaic PIE into the steppe? I can see that you give little value to women.

Exactly, the role of women has been undervalued (we must not forget that they were the ones who raised the children) and if Reich is correct it could have been the women of the southern Caucasus regions who introduced the archaic PIE into the steppe. However, let's wait to see the papers.

I never said there weren't ancient Greeks with blond hair, evidently some were. Just that all the evidence pointed out that the overwhelming majority were not, contrary to what some people think here. Even among the ancient Minoans there were some blondes:

Unfortunately some people here continue to be obsessed with trying to forcefully prove that the ancient Greeks were pale, blond and blue-eyed... I have a feeling they will be very disappointed with this new research by Reich. Anyway, just look at the "Nordic" physiognomy of these ancient Greek...

It is possible, but the present day Basque language (the last non-Indo-European language that survived in Western Europe), the ancient Iberian (non-Indo-European) and Etruscan languages are very far from being Semitic.

"So I think PIE culture including PIE language seems to originate in ANE altai/baikal" - Well, culture is not necessarily the same as language. An example of this is that the Finns have an unmistakably European culture and their language is not Indo-European. I didn't say CHG/Iran_N were...

In addition to Reich's new genetic research, speaking of Proto-Semitic, I am now reminded of the similarities that exist between the word "seven" in most Indo-European languages and the corresponding word in Semitic languages, for example "seven" in English, "saba" in Arabic, " Shabbat" in...

I don't see any direct genetic relationship between Yamnaya, EHG and WSHG on the one hand and Native Americans on the other hand. The only genetic relationship that exists is indirect and refers to the ANE (Afontova Gora 3 and Mal'ta) which is common to these four peoples. That's probably where...

So we'll have to wait for the papers and see what evidence Reich has to say that the archaic PIE originated in northern Iran and not in the steppe.

Well, in that case, yes it could be possible.

It was never said that there was no steppe ancestry in the region in the Iron Age, only that there were 16 samples that did not have such ancestry, Angela. And between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age (a short period of time) it would be very difficult, if not impossible, for this ancestry to be...

Reich said that the steppe's ancestry was reduced to a third of what it was but that it never disappeared in the region (modern Armenians and Kurds still have it, although it is few). And it was also Reich who said that the Yamanya arrived in the region in the Bronze Age. Quote from "Lecture by...

The expansion of the Yamnaya in northern Iran took place in the Bronze Age. These samples are from the Iron Age and their haplogroup is R1b, but they have no steppe ancestry (so they cannot be descendants of the Yamanya). So there's only one explanation: they were the last survivors of a...

"because I think the population of Europe was already IE before the spread of Yamnaya people". Hmm, I have a lot of doubts about that and so does Reich. However, as I said in my previous post, it is natural that several words from "pre-steppe" Europe have survived in the current languages.

The languages we call Indo-European are, in a sense, creole languages. That is, (if Reich is correct) from the archaic PIE to the present day languages, several words were added and it is perfectly natural that the ancient peoples of the steppe (called Yamnaya) added several words to the...

ANE ancestry by itself is not equal to Steppe ancestry (although it is one of the Steppe ancestry components). Native Americans are the present-day people with the highest ANE ancestry, however they have 0% Steppe ancestry. Neolithic Iranians and CHG had ANE ancestry too. That means the data you...

Yes, exactly. You are right. By the way, I'm new to this forum. What should I do when I like a post and want to express it? In FaceBook there is a "like" button, and here, how do I do it?

Quote from "Lecture by Prof. David Reich - "The Genetic History of the Southern Arc: A Bridge between West Asia & Europe"" (Israel Institute for Advanced Studies): "The impermeability of Anatolia to exogenous migration contrasts with our finding that the Yamnaya had two distinct gene flows...

The figure of R1b lineage is from an research of 2015. There are a research of 2021 "The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies" in which is said: "although limited in number, the two Xiaohe males belong to the Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b1c, which falls outside of the R1b1a clade...